Psychometric properties of the Scale for Evaluating Attitudes towards Seniors (SEAS)

Abstract

Introduction. The Scale for Evaluating Attitudes towards Seniors (SEAS) was developed based on the concept of social attitudes towards the elderly by G. Miałkowska. The main objective of the study was validation of Scale. Materials and method. The validation procedure was carried out on a sample of 304 adults. Content validity was estimated based on the CVR coefficient, the theoretical validity was verified by means of exploratory factor analysis with simple Oblimin rotation and Kaiser normalization, and criterion validity determined based on analysis of the correlation matrix of SEAS from IVE and SES. Reliability of the tool was estimated based on the values of alpha Cronbach and the discriminatory power of test items coefficients. Results. Content validity rates CVR range from 0.83-1.00. Three SEAS factors were distinguished on the basis of factor analysis -Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, Social distance. Their alpha Cronbach's coefficient range is 0.93-0.86. Extracted SEAS scales correlate with IVE and SES dimensions. Conclusions. The validation procedure confirms the high psychometric properties of the constructed research tool and allows its use in both individual diagnosis and scientific research, which in turn will contribute to broadening of knowledge about the psychological mechanisms associated with seniors' perception, and can be used to design responses to preventive actions supporting quality of intergenerational interpersonal interactions.

Validity, reliability and factor analysis of the Serbian version of Kogan's attitude towards old people scale

“…As for mean scores achieved on individual dimensions, the results obtained by analysing the arithmetic mean indicate higher average values for items given in a positive connotation(AS = 53.49, SD = 7.89) compared to the negative ones (AS = 46.51, SD = 9.78). This trend is consistent with the findings obtained in most other studies Erdemir et al, 2011;Alquwez et al, 2018;Łukasiewicz et al, 2019).On the other hand, opposite results have been reported in a smaller number of cases (Yen et al, 2009).…”

“…Due to its descriptive nature, the five-factor model found provides an insight into the attitudes based on the sample of this research, and probably also on the sample of the Serbian population, which represents its special contribution. Compared with the above mentioned, the results obtained indicate that the general attitude towards the elderly is primarily formed concerning: assessment of the Social desirability of the elderly (affirmative social component); assessment of Hygiene and associated habits (care of appearance, or living space); assessment of the general style of interaction (a tendency for Criticism and general Communication style); that is, the evaluation of social Equality in relation to the general population (from a motivational-affective perspective).Even though the factor structure was determined in the studies carried out in other countries (Lambrinou et al, 2005;Runkawatt et al, 2016;Łukasiewicz et al, 2019), regardless of key-defined, positive and negative attitudes (Kogan, 1961), a unique five-factor solution was obtained on the sample of our research, which provides a culturally specific concise insight into the structure of attitudes towards the elderly in Serbia.…”

“…Када је реч о средњим вредностима остварених скорова на појединачним димензијама, анализом аритметичке средине добијени су резултати који индикују више просечне вредности за позитивно конотиране ставке (AS= 53.49, SD= 7.89) у односу на негативне (AS= 46.51, SD = 9.78), што је у складу са налазима добијеним у већини других студија (Erdemir et al, 2011;Alquwez et al, 2018;Łukasiewicz et al, 2019), док су, у мањем броју случајева, забележени и супротни резултати (Yen et al, 2009).…”

“…У односу на претходно наведено, добијени резултати указују на то да се генерални став према старим лицима примарно формира у односу на: процену Друштвене пожељности старе особе (афирмативна друштвена компонента); процену Хигијене и навика повезаних са истом (брига о изгледу, односно брига о животном простору); процену општег стила интеракције (склоност ка Критизерству и општи Комуникациони стил); односно евалуацију друштвене Равноправности у односу на општу популацију (из мотивационо-афективне перспективе). Упркос томе што је факторска структура, независно од, кључем дефинисаних, позитивних и негативних ставова (Kogan, 1961), утврђивана и у истраживањима спроведеним у другим земљама (Lambrinou et al, 2005;Runkawatt et al, 2016;Łukasiewicz et al, 2019)…”