Introduction. The Scale for Evaluating Attitudes towards Seniors (SEAS) was developed based on the concept of social attitudes towards the elderly by G. Miałkowska. The main objective of the study was validation of Scale. Materials and method. The validation procedure was carried out on a sample of 304 adults. Content validity was estimated based on the CVR coefficient, the theoretical validity was verified by means of exploratory factor analysis with simple Oblimin rotation and Kaiser normalization, and criterion validity determined based on analysis of the correlation matrix of SEAS from IVE and SES. Reliability of the tool was estimated based on the values of alpha Cronbach and the discriminatory power of test items coefficients. Results. Content validity rates CVR range from 0.83-1.00. Three SEAS factors were distinguished on the basis of factor analysis -Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, Social distance. Their alpha Cronbach's coefficient range is 0.93-0.86. Extracted SEAS scales correlate with IVE and SES dimensions. Conclusions. The validation procedure confirms the high psychometric properties of the constructed research tool and allows its use in both individual diagnosis and scientific research, which in turn will contribute to broadening of knowledge about the psychological mechanisms associated with seniors' perception, and can be used to design responses to preventive actions supporting quality of intergenerational interpersonal interactions.

CelCelem badań była ponowna walidacja Skali Postaw Wobec Seniorów (SPWS) opracowanej na podstawie koncepcji postaw społecznych wobec ludzi starszych G. Miłkowskiej. MetodaWalidację przeprowadzono na próbie 1025 osób w wieku M = 30,75 (SD = 14,05). Przeprowadzono eksploracyjną analizę czynnikową z rotacją Quatrimax surową, a trafność teoretyczną określono na podstawie analizy macierzy korelacji SPWS ze Skalą Zadowolenia z Życia (SWLS), Skalą Pomiaru Prężności (SPP-25), Skalą Ekspresji Gniewu (SEG), Skalą Poczucia Koherencji (SOC), Kwestionariuszem Postaw Życiowych (KPŹ) oraz Kwestionariusz Impulsywności (IVE). WynikiWyodrębniono trzy podskale SPWS: Szacunek i Uznanie, Odtrącenie i Niezrozumienie oraz Dystans Społeczny o współczynnikach Alfa Cronbacha mieszczących się w granicach 0,70–0,93. Analizy korelacji z innymi metodami potwierdziły trafność treściową SPWS. KonkluzjeWłasności SPWS sugerują możliwość wykorzystywania tego narzędzia w diagnozie indywidualnej i badaniach naukowych.

Artykuł Koncepcja pedagogiczna Wiosek Dziecięcych SOS w ujęciu Hermanna Gmeinera i jej współczesne zastosowanie w Polsce przedstawia system opiekuńczo-wychowawczy jednej z form opieki nad dziećmi pozbawionymi rodziny własnej, jaką są Wioski Dziecięce SOS. Artykuł obejmuje cztery części: wstęp, zasady pedagogiczne Wiosek Dziecięcych SOS, zmiany w funkcjonowaniu Wiosek Dziecięcych SOS w Polsce oraz zakończenie. Wstęp dotyczy wprowadzenia do tematyki artykułu oraz krótkiej historii i rozwoju Wiosek Dziecięcych SOS na świecie oraz w Polsce. W części drugiej zatytułowanej: Zasady pedagogiczne Wiosek Dziecięcych SOS przedstawione zostały cztery podstawowe zasady funkcjonowania Wiosek Dziecięcych SOS stworzone przez założyciela Wiosek Hermanna Gmeinera, stanowiące podstawę ich działalności opiekuńczo-wychowawczej. Są to: matka, rodzeństwo, dom i wioska. Każda z powyższych zasad jest dość szczegółowo omówiona. W tej części artykułu przedstawione zostały także

AimThe aim of this study was to re-validate the Scale of Attitudes Toward Seniors (SATS) developed based on G. Miłkowska’s concept of social attitudes towards the elderly. MethodThe validation was carried out on a sample of 1025 people aged M = 30.75 (SD = 14.05). An exploratory factor analysis with raw Quartimax rotation was performed, and theoretical validity was determined by analyzing the correlation matrix summarizing the relationship between the SATS vs. the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Resilience Assessment Scale (SPP-25), the Anger Expression Scale (SEG), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), The Life Attitudes Profile (LAP) and the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire (IVE). ResultsThree subscales of the SATS were distinguished: Respect and Recognition, Rejection and Misunderstanding, and Social Distance, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the range of .70-.93. Correlation analyses and other methods confirmed the content validity of the SATS. ConclusionsThe properties of the SATS indicate that this tool can be deployed in individual psychological assessment and in research.

Observation of reality shows that the attitude of today's society towards the elderly is very heterogenous and ambivalent. Both positive and negative attitudes can be observed. What is more, one can talk about attitudes of indifference and a certain social distance. The main goal of the research is to show how attitudes towards the elderly are shaped in our society and whether demographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, place of residence, or level of education differentiate these attitudes. Can we talk about the formation of certain patterns among the younger generation, which create the image of older people in adults? The sample consisted of 1,025 people. The Scale of Attitudes towards Seniors (SPWS) by Łukasiewicz and Kowalski was administered. The entire tool consisted of 60 items divided into three scales: Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, and Social Distance. In order to examine the attitudes of the respondents to their grandparents and their role in family life, seven self-authored statements were attached to the questionnaire. The analysis of the obtained results shows no significant differences between positive and negative attitudes towards seniors. All attitudes are at a moderate level. The factors differentiating the intensity of attitudes were: gender, marital status, place of residence, and education level. The indicator of the development of positive attitudes towards seniors was the time spent with grandparents in the past and positive opinions about grandparents provided by parents. Earlier intergenerational relations are of no significant importance when it came to the intensification of negative attitudes. The research confirmed the existence of heterogeneous attitudes towards seniors. However, there is no clear advantage of positive attitudes over the negative. The conclusions from the research point to the role of broadly understood education in shaping attitudes towards the elderly. In the age of an ageing society, activities that show the significance of older people for society, and what value they are for all of us, become important. The family and multigenerational relationships play a significant role here.