Psychotherapy Versus Behavior Therapy

Sloane, R. Bruce; Staples, Fred R.; Cristol, Allan H.; Yorkston, Neil J.; Whipple, Katherine

doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674365063

Cited by 540 publications

(277 citation statements)

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“…The most frequently employed set of techniques in practice were such enhancement methods as increasing therapist-client similarity, use of empathy, verbal reinforcement, structuring, and increasing positive expectancies (Swan, 1979). Sloane, Staples, Cristol, Yorkston, and Whipple (1975), in a carefully controlled clinical study, found that behavior therapists showed significantly higher levels of accurate empathy and congruence than did psychotherapists. Both showed equally high levels of warmth.…”

Section: O 3 ^mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of group cohesion on the behavioral treatment of smoking.

Etringer¹,

Gregory²,

Lando³

1984

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Systematic assessments of the influence of interpersonal relationship variables on outcome are lacking in investigations of smoking treatments. The present study undertook an investigation of the influence of group cohesiveness on two multicomponent behavioral treatments of smoking. Subjects (41 women and 31 men) were randomly assigned to treatment according to a 2 (enriched vs. standard cohesiveness) X 2 (satiation vs. nicotine fading) factorial design. Enriched cohesiveness subjects not only scored higher on several indexes of cohesion but tended to be more successful over a short term in modifying their smoking behavior.

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Section: O 3 ^mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of group cohesion on the behavioral treatment of smoking.

Etringer¹,

Gregory²,

Lando³

1984

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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“…A widely publicized study by Sloane, Staples, Cristol, Yorkston, and Whipple (1975) comparing the relative efficacy of behavioral therapy and psychotherapy, similarly contains the usual share of confounded variables, unmatched mixtures of dysfunctions, and inadequately measured outcomes relying on amorphous clinical ratings rather than on direct assessment of behavioral functioning. As is now predictable for studies of this type, the different forms of treatment appear comparable and better than nothing on some of the global ratings but not on others.…”

Section: The Uniformity Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An apology for research integration in the study of psychotherapy.

Glass¹,

Kliegl²

1983

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Criticisms of the integration of psychotherapy-outcome research performed by Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) are reviewed and answered. An attempt is made to account for the conflicting points of view in this disagreement in terms of certain issues that have engaged philosophers of science in the 20th century. It is hoped that, in passing, something useful is learned about research of many types on psychotherapy.We wish to acknowledge the helpful criticisms of Robert Cummins, Department of Philosophy, University of Colorado, who assisted in the early stages of thinking about this article.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Gene V Glass,

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“…A further development has been the use of serial ratings of'target' symptoms. This approach has been effectively employed with neurotic disorders (Gelder et al 1967;Sloane et al 1975). It entails the definition, on a case by case basis, of the specific schizophrenic symptoms that each patient is known to have exhibited prominently during prior exacerbations, and the rating of their severity at regular intervals, and during suspected exacerbations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse in schizophrenia: a review of the concept and its definitions

Falloon¹,

Marshall²,

Boyd³

et al. 1983

Psychol. Med.

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The increasingly rigorous attention paid to the diagnosis of schizophrenia has not yet been extended to the development of reliable and valid criteria for describing the course of the illness. Over the past two decades the concept of 'relapse' has become the pre-eminent measure of the success of community treatment programmes of schizophrenia. However, to date there has been little effort to examine this measure critically, or to develop other measures to reflect the wide range of clinical outcome in schizophrenia. This issue is not new. Kraepelin has been faulted for his lack of clarity in discussing the association between the diagnosis of dementia praecox and a poor clinical outcome (WHO, 1975). Stressing that 'the general course of dementia praecox is very variable', he outlined several typical courses of the illness, all of which proceeded to terminal dementia (Kraepelin, 1919). He recognized the lack of specifically defined outcome criteria, citing reports showing recovery rates varying from 0 to 25%.Although Kraepelin remained sceptical that full recovery without any residual defect was possible, Meyer (1922) contended that functional recovery was possible and proposed that, in many cases, schizophrenia could be regarded as episodic, with relapses representing fresh attacks of the disease. Kraepelin acknowledged that 'more than half exhibit marked improvement', but noted that these recoveries 'give way sooner or later to a relapse'. In support of his thesis of incomplete remission, he observed that subsequent relapses almost always consisted of symptoms similar to those presented in the original episode. This consistency of symptom patterns was also reported by Bleuler (1911), who supported the notion that complete restoration of premorbid mental health was a rarity. Bleuler cautioned against attributing much significance to published reports regarding 'cure' rates, not only because of the subjective nature of such determinations, but also because of' the varying conditions of admission and relapse for each institution', which often play a greater role in defining discharge status than objective changes in psychopathology.Concern about the natural course of schizophrenia led these pioneers to focus discussion more upon the definition of remission, than its counterpart, relapse. Although concern regarding the course of the illness has continued (Vaillant, 1964;Huber et al. 1981), little attention has been paid to this matter in studies investigating the effectiveness of clinical interventions. With the advent of newer pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, emphasis has shifted to factors surrounding clinical exacerbation after the patient has been discharged from the hospital in a state of partial or complete clinical remission. The effectiveness of community aftercare has been measured in terms of failure to sustain these 'remissions' and, more often than not, by readmission of the patient to hospital. The latter is primarily a social intervention which, although usually associated with symptom e...

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Psychotherapy Versus Behavior Therapy

Cited by 540 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of group cohesion on the behavioral treatment of smoking.

Influence of group cohesion on the behavioral treatment of smoking.

An apology for research integration in the study of psychotherapy.

Relapse in schizophrenia: a review of the concept and its definitions

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