Puffing and inhalation behaviour in cigarette smoking: Implications for particle diameter and dose

Dickens, Colin; McGrath, Conor; Warren, Nigel D.; Biggs, Philip; McAughey, John

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/151/1/012019

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Puff duration for YouTube smokers of conventional cigarettes (N=9) averaged 2.4 s (SD=±0.8) (figure 1), which is in good agreement with previously reported data 14. In contrast, the average puff duration for all ENDS users in the study (N=64) was 4.3 s (SD=1.5), which was significantly longer than puff duration for the conventional smokers (p<0.0001) (figure 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although only nine videos were examined and this could be viewed as a limitation, puff duration for the conventional smokers averaged 2.4 s (SD=0.8), which is in very good agreement with a previously published mean of 2.3 s (SD=0.8) for human subjects in which puff duration was measured in a population similar in size to ours 14. Moreover, the 2.4 s puff duration average that we observed in YouTube videos is in good agreement with the 2 s puff interval that is used in machine smoking protocols standardised by the Federal Trade Commission, state of Massachusetts, Canada and International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 15.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Videos that clearly showed men or women smoking conventional cigarettes (N=9) or ENDS (N=64) were randomly selected from pages retrieved in the YouTube searches or using links from videos retrieved with the search terms. Nine conventional videos were deemed sufficient as preliminary analysis of puff duration gave results similar to published values 14. The ENDS sample size was larger as this group was being analysed for the first time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Mining data on usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) from YouTube videos

2011

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ObjectiveThe objective was to analyse and compare puff and exhalation duration for individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and conventional cigarettes in YouTube videos. Methods Video data from YouTube videos were analysed to quantify puff duration and exhalation duration during use of conventional tobacco-containing cigarettes and ENDS. For ENDS, comparisons were also made between 'advertisers' and 'non-advertisers', genders, brands of ENDS, and models of ENDS within one brand. Results Puff duration (mean ¼2.4 s) for conventional smokers in YouTube videos (N¼9) agreed well with prior publications. Puff duration was significantly longer for ENDS users (mean ¼4.3 s) (N ¼ 64) than for conventional cigarette users, and puff duration varied significantly among ENDS brands. For ENDS users, puff duration and exhalation duration were not significantly affected by 'advertiser' status, gender or variation in models within a brand. Men outnumbered women by about 5:1, and most users were between 19 and 35 years of age. Conclusions YouTube videos provide a valuable resource for studying ENDS usage. Longer puff duration may help ENDS users compensate for the apparently poor delivery of nicotine from ENDS. As with conventional cigarette smoking, ENDS users showed a large variation in puff duration (range ¼1.9e8.3 s). ENDS puff duration should be considered when designing laboratory and clinical trials and in developing a standard protocol for evaluating ENDS performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Mining data on usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) from YouTube videos

2011

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“…The inhalation flow rate of Q¼2.25 L/min (37.5 ml/s) is the mean value of one typical puffing for CSPs (Bernstein, 2004), while Q¼30 L/min represents the normal inhalation or postpuffing flow rate. Inhalation of cigarette smoke aerosols is usually a two-step process including puffing followed by normal inhalation (post-puffing) (Dickens et al, 2008). During puffing, the soft palate (or glottis) is closed for most smokers but some smokers directly inhale the aerosol into the lung (Bernstein, 2004).…”

Section: Deposition Of Respiratory Aerosols Without Growth or Vaporizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-change and deposition of conventional and composite cigarette smoke particles during inhalation in a subject-specific airway model

Zhang

Kleinstreuer

Hyun

2012

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…40 They reported average puff flow rates that were equal to or greater than the average flow rate for the Health Canada Intense smoking machine regimen. They also reported smaller particle CMD (0.154–0.172 μm) than in the previous two studies cited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke Cadmium Breakthrough From Traditional Filters: Implications for Exposure

Pappas¹,

Fresquez²,

Watson³

2014

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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Cadmium, a carcinogenic metal, is highly toxic to renal, skeletal, nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Accurate and precise quantification of mainstream smoke cadmium levels in cigarette smoke is important because of exposure concerns. The two most common trapping techniques for collecting mainstream tobacco smoke particulate for analysis are glass fiber filters and electrostatic precipitators. We observed that a significant portion of total cadmium passed through standard glass fiber filters that are used to trap particulate matter. We therefore developed platinum traps to collect the cadmium that passed through the filters and tested a variety of cigarettes with different physical parameters for quantities of cadmium that passed though the filters. We found less than 1% cadmium passed through electrostatic precipitators. In contrast, cadmium that passed through 92 mm glass fiber filters on a rotary smoking machine was significantly higher, ranging from 3.5% to 22.9% of total smoke cadmium deliveries. Cadmium passed through 44 mm filters typically used on linear smoking machines to an even greater degree, ranging from 13.6% to 30.4% of the total smoke cadmium deliveries. Differences in the cadmium that passed through from the glass fiber filters and electrostatic precipitator could be explained in part if cadmium resides in the smaller mainstream smoke aerosol particle sizes. Differences in particle size distribution could have toxicological implications and could help explain the pulmonary and cardiovascular cadmium uptake in smokers.

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Puffing and inhalation behaviour in cigarette smoking: Implications for particle diameter and dose

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Mining data on usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) from YouTube videos

Mining data on usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) from YouTube videos

Size-change and deposition of conventional and composite cigarette smoke particles during inhalation in a subject-specific airway model

Cigarette Smoke Cadmium Breakthrough From Traditional Filters: Implications for Exposure

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