Pulmonary tuberculosis and lepromatous leprosy co-infection in a single individual: A Case report

Choubey, Satyadeo; Sharma, Mukesh; Agrawal, Brij N.

doi:10.4103/2320-8775.126512

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Reports of the co-infection in modern literature, however, are much scarcer for less clear reasons. A total of 211 cases were reported between 1954 and 2022 [ 11 – 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review

et al. 2023

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Background In leprosy patients, the most commonly reported non-viral co-infections are Tuberculosis, Leishmaniasis, Chromoblastomycosis and Helminths. The presence of a secondary infection is believed to increase the likelihood of leprosy reactions. The purpose of this review was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the most reported bacterial, fungal, and parasitic co-infections in leprosy. Methodology/Principal findings Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers, resulting in the inclusion of 89 studies. For tuberculosis, a total of 211 cases were identified, with a median age of 36 years and male predominance (82%). Leprosy was the initial infection in 89% of cases, 82% of individuals had multibacillary disease, and 17% developed leprosy reactions. For leishmaniasis, 464 cases were identified, with a median age of 44 years and male predominance (83%). Leprosy was the initial infection in 44% of cases, 76% of individuals presented with multibacillary disease, and 18% developed leprosy reactions. Regarding chromoblastomycosis, we identified 19 cases with a median age of 54 years and male predominance (88%). Leprosy was the primary infection in 66% of cases, 70% of individuals had multibacillary disease, and 35% developed leprosy reactions. Additionally, we found 151 cases of co-infection with leprosy and helminths, with a median age of 43 years and male predominance (68%). Leprosy was the primary infection in 66% of cases, and 76% of individuals presented with multibacillary disease, while the occurrence of leprosy reactions varied from 37% to 81% across studies. Conclusion We observed a male-dominated pattern of co-infections among working-age individuals with multibacillary leprosy. Unlike prior studies reporting increased leprosy reactions in chronic viral co-infections, our findings did not indicate any increase among bacterial, fungal, or parasitic co-infections. Rather, co-infections with tuberculosis and leishmaniasis appeared to reduce leprosy reactions.

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“…Reports of the co-infection in modern literature, however, are much scarcer for less clear reasons. A total of 211 cases were reported between 1954 and 2022 [ 11 – 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review

et al. 2023

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“…Selain itu, faktor kejadian koinfeksi lepra dengan TB paru juga dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan kortikosteroid jangka panjang yang biasa digunakan untuk terapi pada reaksi lepra. 2 Berikut dilaporkan kasus koinfeksi Morbus Hansen (MH) Multibasiler (MB) dengan TB paru pada pasien perempuan berusia 51 tahun yang menggunakan kortikosteroid jangka panjang.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Imunitas seluler menurun pada lepra, terutama tipe MB yang mengakibatkan reaktivasi dari infeksi TB laten sehingga individu menjadi rentan terhadap infeksi baru. 2 Pasien LL memperlihatkan respons TNF-α yang rendah serta menurunnya molekul induksi sinyal seperti chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2). Hal ini mungkin menjelaskan penyebab meningkatnya penyebaran dan pertumbuhan tuberkulosis pada penderita lepra multibasiler.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…Hal ini mungkin menjelaskan penyebab meningkatnya penyebaran dan pertumbuhan tuberkulosis pada penderita lepra multibasiler. 2,13 Berdasarkan Pedoman Nasional Program Pengendalian Kusta yang dikeluarkan tahun 2012, pasien lepra yang menderita TB, maka pengobatan OAT dan MDT dapat diberikan bersamaan, dengan dosis rifampisin yang diberikan mengikuti dosis rifamfisin untuk terapi tuberkulosis. Untuk pasien MH MB dengan TB, pengobatan kusta cukup dengan dapson dan klofazimin/lampren, rifampisin tidak perlu diberikan karena sudah diberikan dari obat TB.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

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Laporan Kasus : KOINFEKSI MORBUS HANSEN MULTIBASILER DAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU

Hidayah

Yuniaswan

Murlistyarini

2021

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Koinfeksi lepra dan tuberkulosis (TB) paru pada satu individu jarang terjadi, tercatat 2-6 per 100.000 penduduk per tahun di dunia. Koinfeksi dapat terjadi akibat kondisi imunokompromais. Seorang perempuan berusia 51 tahun datang dengan keluhan benjolan kemerahan yang nyeri di seluruh tubuh, hilang timbul sejak 1 tahun. Pasien minum metilprednisolon 2 kali sehari selama setahun. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan nodul dan plak eritem multipel di seluruh tubuh, konjungtiva hiperemis dan penebalan saraf common perineus kiri. Tidak didapatkan bercak mati rasa dan slit skin smear negatif. Biopsi kulit tampak gambaran infiltrat limfosit dan neutrofil di dermis, foam cells, grenz zone dan pannuculitis lobular yang sesuai dengan lepromatous leprosy dan eritema nodosum leprosum. Radiologi thorak tampak fibroinfiltrat dan konsolidasi, dicurigai TB paru. Pemeriksaan sputum Tes Cepat Molekuler menunjukkan very low detected untuk kuman tuberkulosis yang sensitif rifampisin. Pasien mendapatkan multidrug therapy untuk Morbus Hansen Multibasiler, metilprednisolon serta Obat Anti Tuberkulosis kategori 1 dan memperlihatkan perbaikan klinis. Koinfeksi lepra dan TB jarang terjadi, diduga karena adanya kekebalan silang. Biasanya infeksi lepra mendahului TB, karena periode inkubasi lepra lebih lama. Mekanisme koinfeksi pada kasus diduga akibat penggunaan kortikosteroid jangka panjang. Terapi koinfeksi TB paru dan lepra dilakukan secara bersamaan dengan dosis rifampisin mengikuti dosis terapi tuberkulosis. Kata kunci: lepra, koinfeksi, tuberkulosis.

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“…The simultaneous occurrence of both infections is based on the transmission dynamics, means the higher reproductive rate of tubercular Bacilli than the lepra Bacilli and the degree of cross-immunity they offer in an individual. [2] Here, we are discussing an uncommon case of lupus vulgaris with borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy diagnosed simultaneously, and their complex relationship is discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant infection with Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient: A rare association

Arya

Kushwaha

Jain

et al. 2016

Int J Med Public Health

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Concomitant infection with Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient: A rare association Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that usually affects skin and nerves. Although it is well-controlled by multidrug therapy but the disease may be aggravated by acute inflammatory reaction that causes permanent tissue damage, particularly to peripheral nerves. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CT) is a variant of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries like India, but the simultaneous occurrence of CT and leprosy is very rarely reported. Here, we are reporting a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy and CT (lupus vulgaris) co-infection in an immunocompetent patient, diagnosed simultaneously and managed accordingly.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis and lepromatous leprosy co-infection in a single individual: A Case report

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review

Laporan Kasus : KOINFEKSI MORBUS HANSEN MULTIBASILER DAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU

Concomitant infection with Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient: A rare association

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