Pultruded carbon fibre reinforced polymer strips produced with a novel bio-based thermoset polyester for structural strengthening

Hofmann, Mateus; Machado, Marina Medeiros; Shahid, Abu T.; Dourado, Filipe; Garrido, Mário; Bordado, João; Correia, João R.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.109936

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The BUPE resin, with a bio-based content of 50% (wt.%), was produced by synthesizing monomers (diacids and diols) derived from renewable raw materials, as detailed in Hofmann et al [16]. The laminates were manufactured in a pilot pultrusion, which was successfully conducted using the BUPE resin; full details about the manufacturing process and the initial mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the bio-based laminates are provided in Hofmann et al [17].…”

Section: Overview Of Biolam Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pultruded bio-based CFRP laminates were manufactured by S&P [17,18] using a bio-based unsaturated polyester resin obtained from renewable resources, which was recently developed at Instituto Superior Técnico [16] for use in FRP composite materials. The development of the bio-based unsaturated polyester prepolymer involved substituting some of the oil-based chemical components with bio-based alternatives, namely, fumaric acid, isosorbide, and 1,3-propanediol.…”

Section: Cfrp Laminatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-Based Pultruded CFRP Laminates: Bond to Concrete and Structural Performance of Full-Scale Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams

et al. 2023

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This paper presents an experimental study about the use of innovative bio-based pultruded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates for structural strengthening. The bio-based laminates were produced in the framework of an applied research project (BioLam) using a resin system with 50% (wt.%) bio-based content, obtained from renewable resources. In the first part of the study, their tensile and interlaminar shear properties were characterized and compared with those of conventional oil-based CFRP laminates. In the second part of the study, the bond behavior to concrete of both types of CFRP laminates applied according to the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique was assessed by means of single-lap shear tests performed on CFRP-strengthened concrete blocks; the experimental results obtained from these tests were then used in a numerical procedure to calibrate local bond vs. slip laws for both types of laminates. The final part of this study comprised four-point bending tests on full-scale EBR-CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams to assess the structural efficacy of the bio-based laminates; these were benchmarked with tests performed on similar RC beams strengthened with conventional CFRP laminates. The results obtained in this study show that the (i) material properties, (ii) the bond behavior to concrete, and (iii) the structural efficacy of the developed bio-based CFRP laminates are comparable to those of their conventional counterparts, confirming their potential to be used in the strengthening of RC structures.

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Section: Overview Of Biolam Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cfrp Laminatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Pultruded CFRP Laminates: Bond to Concrete and Structural Performance of Full-Scale Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams

et al. 2023

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“…vitrimers) which render re-processable thermosets possible [20][21][22] (for general readings on thermosets composed of dynamic networks see [23][24][25][26]). We will not review the literature on bio-based UPR here in detail, but we note that while all efforts remain as an excellent proof of concept, the detailed inspection of the accounts revealed only a handful contributions [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] which reported mechanical properties in agreement with industrial standards [38,39] (For a comprehensive overview of bio-based UPR see Supporting Information). These include, for example, studies with modified soybean oil [31][32][33][34], which led to UPR possessing an E-modulus of about 2.5 GPa, tensile strengths of 44 MPa, and flexural strengths of 80 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vitrimers) which render re‐processable thermosets possible [20–22] (for general readings on thermosets composed of dynamic networks see [23–26]). We will not review the literature on bio‐based UPR here in detail, but we note that while all efforts remain as an excellent proof of concept, the detailed inspection of the accounts revealed only a handful contributions [27–37] which reported mechanical properties in agreement with industrial standards [38, 39] (For a comprehensive overview of bio‐based UPR see Supporting Information).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid as Building Block for Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Savalia,

Rabenstein,

Lieske

et al. 2024

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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This article presents partially bio‐based unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Three different FDCA‐based resins are prepared, which are potentially suited as i) general purpose resin (composed of 1,2‐propylene glycol), ii) resin for pultrusion (composed of diethylene glycol and 1,2‐propylene glycol), and iii) resin for pipe liners (composed of neopentyl glycol and 1,2‐propylene glycol). The mechanical and thermal properties of the bio‐based UPR are systematically investigated and compared with analogous fossil‐based UPR composed of phthalic and isophthalic acid, signaling comparable or even better properties for the bio‐based resins depending on the application targeted.

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“…However, most of them lack the demonstration of their application in product development with fibre reinforcement. A notable exception can be found in the resin developed by Hoffman et al [21], which has been used to produce glass fibre-based composites using the vacuum infusion method [22], and pultruded carbon fibre-based laminates [23]. However, there is a lack of studies regarding bio-based resins incorporating basalt fibres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze–Thaw Durability of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Composite

et al. 2023

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This paper presents an experimental study of the wet freeze–thaw (FT) durability of a fibre–polymer composite produced by vacuum infusion using an innovative bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and basalt fibres. As the benchmark, an equivalent composite produced with a conventional (oil-based) UPR was also tested. The composites were preconditioned in water immersion for 30 days at 20 °C followed by exposure to wet FT for up to 300 cycles; each FT cycle consisted of 3 h in dry freezing condition (−20 °C) and 8 h in thawing condition (23 °C) submerged in water. The composites’ properties were assessed after preconditioning and after 100, 200, and 300 FT cycles, through mechanical (tensile, compressive, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear) and thermomechanical (dynamic mechanical analysis) tests. Gravimetric and scanning electron microscope analyses were also carried out. The results obtained show that the preconditioning stage, involving water immersion, caused most of the damage, with property reductions of 5% to 39% in the bio-composite, while in the oil-composite they ranged between 4% and 22%, being higher for matrix-dominated properties. On the other hand, FT alone had an insignificant effect on the degradation of material properties; after exposure to FT, property recovery was observed, specifically in matrix-dominated properties, such as interlaminar shear strength, which recovered by 12% in the bio-composite during exposure to FT. The overall performance of the bio-composite was inferior to the conventional one, especially during the preconditioning stage, and this was attributed to the hydrophilicity of some of the components of its bio-based resin.

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Pultruded carbon fibre reinforced polymer strips produced with a novel bio-based thermoset polyester for structural strengthening

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Bio-Based Pultruded CFRP Laminates: Bond to Concrete and Structural Performance of Full-Scale Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams

Bio-Based Pultruded CFRP Laminates: Bond to Concrete and Structural Performance of Full-Scale Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams

Evaluation of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid as Building Block for Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Freeze–Thaw Durability of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Composite

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