Punishment diminishes the benefits of network reciprocity in social dilemma experiments

Li, Xuelong; Jusup, Marko; Wang, Zhen; Li, Hui-Jia; Ши, Лей; Podobnik, Boris; Stanley, H. Eugene; Havlin, Shlomo; Boccaletti, Stefano

doi:10.1073/pnas.1707505115

Cited by 235 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Variations of the basic game in which free-riders can be punished at a cost or rewards are provided to those who contribute show that contributions may again reach higher values [6,7]. The role of punishment in social dilemma experiments has been recently reexamined in Li et al [11]. Cognitive biases, when a decoy option is available in the social dilemma may also help to promote cooperation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Goods Games on Coevolving Social Network Models

Tomassini

Antonioni

2020

Front. Phys.

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Public good games are a metaphor for modeling cooperative behavior in groups in the presence of incentives to free ride. In the model presented here agents play a public good game with their neighbors in a social network structure. Agents' decision rules in our model are inspired by elementary learning observed in laboratory and online behavioral experiments involving human participants with the same amount of information, i.e., when individuals only know their own current contribution and their own cumulated payoff. In addition, agents in the model are allowed to severe links with groups in which their payoff is lower and create links to a new randomly chosen group. Reinforcing the results obtained in network scenarios where agents play Prisoner's Dilemma games, we show that thanks to this relinking possibility, the whole system reaches higher levels of average contribution with respect to the case in which the network cannot change. Our setup opens new frameworks to be investigated, and potentially confirmed, through controlled human experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Goods Games on Coevolving Social Network Models

Tomassini

Antonioni

2020

Front. Phys.

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“…Our findings enrich our understanding of how social contagions transmit through communal systems. Our theory in this work can be used to study epidemic spreading [6,[49][50][51], the effects of vaccination [52], and the impact of human behavior [53,54] on epidemics. In future work we will further explore our approach using real social contagion data and digital virtual asset security.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal community structure for social contagions

Wang

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

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Community structure is an important factor in the behavior of real-world networks because it strongly affects the stability and thus the phase transition order of the spreading dynamics. We here propose a reversible social contagion model of community networks that includes the factor of social reinforcement. In our model an individual adopts a social contagion when the number of received units of information exceeds its adoption threshold. We use meanfield approximation to describe our proposed model, and the results agree with numerical simulations. The numerical simulations and theoretical analyses both indicate that there is a first-order phase transition in the spreading dynamics, and that a hysteresis loop emerges in the system when there is a variety of initially-adopted seeds. We find an optimal community structure that maximizes spreading dynamics. We also find a rich phase diagram with a triple point that separates the no-diffusion phase from the two diffusion phases.

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“…: . A number of examples have been found by ethologists in nature whereby several species display punishment providing the individuals with an option to attempt increasing their own fitness (Clutton-Brock and Parker, 1995), but whether or not this behaviour prompts a higher use of cooperation or, rather, retaliation is still a question open to debate in humans and other species (Baldassarri and Grossman, 2011;Balliet et al, 2011;Baumard, 2010;Bone et al, 2016;Boyd et al, 2010;Dong et al, 2019;Fehr and Gachter, 2002;Fehr and Schurtenberger, 2018;Fowler et al, 2005;Gächter et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2015;Hilbe et al, 2014;Janssen and Bushman, 2008;Li et al, 2018;Nikiforakis, 2008;Raihani and Bshary, 2015;Raihani et al, 2012;Riehl and Frederickson, 2016;Wubs et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregating socioeconomic classes leads to an unequal redistribution of wealth

2020

Self Cite

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Social living groups are organised in social hierarchies often exhibiting inequalities in beings. Investigating class segregation and the use of punishment applied downward in the rank acts as a key aspect to ascertain how dominant and subordinate partners cooperate to achieve mutual profit. In human subjects coming from countries with an uneven wealth distribution, this mutual profit may be reduced, especially for the lower socioeconomic classes. We implemented an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game experiment in one such country with starkly high inequality, China. We split relatively richer and poorer subjects into separate classes and gave only one the authority to punish the other. When rich subjects could unidirectionally punish poor subjects (as in a segregated society), rich subjects decreased their cooperation effort while punishing poor subjects. When rich and poor subjects, instead, could punish each other in random combinations (as in an integrated society) they decreased defections so they could punish more. In the segregated society model, the punishing classes earned twice as much as the non-punishers. Conversely, in the integrated society model, weak differences in earnings were found, leading to a decrease in inequality. These results were confirmed by an agent-based simulation mirroring the human experiments and repeated during a very large number of rounds. From our research, we conclude that, especially in developing economies, if the states enacted that the dominant and subordinate individuals relinquished their almost segregated state, this would lead to a redistribution of wealth and power.

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Punishment diminishes the benefits of network reciprocity in social dilemma experiments

Cited by 235 publications

References 50 publications

Public Goods Games on Coevolving Social Network Models

Public Goods Games on Coevolving Social Network Models

Optimal community structure for social contagions

Segregating socioeconomic classes leads to an unequal redistribution of wealth

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