Purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection for volatile halogenated organic compounds determination in waters and beverages

Campillo, Natalia; Viñas, Pilar; López-Garcı́a, Ignacio; Aguinaga, Nerea; Hernández‐Córdoba, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.029

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…According to the maximum contaminant level for THMs in drinking water established by several agencies, it is expected that THMs exist in trace levels in soft drinks, thus an extraction/preconcentration technique is required. However, few approaches have been reported for extraction of THMs from several types of soft drink (Abdel Rahman, 1982;Campillo, Viñas, López-García, Aguinaga, & Hernández-Córdoba, 2004;Wallace, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of THMs in soft drink by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography

2011

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a b s t r a c tIn this study, a simple and fast method was developed for the analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) in soft drink samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC). The influence of factors, such as, extraction temperature, extraction time, addition of sodium chloride and agitation speed on extraction yield was studied through an univariate experimental design strategy. Satisfactory recoveries (P90%) and precision, calculated as the relative standard deviations (RSD 6 11%), were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) between 0.22 and 0.46 lg L À1 was achieved for THMs along with a wide linear range of concentrations. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by analysing 74 real soft-drink samples. Since no matrix effects were observed, quantification could readily be carried out by external calibration with deionized water standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of THMs in soft drink by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography

2011

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“…18 Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the main class of VOCs (with a general formula: CHX 3 , where X may be Cl, Br or their combinations) present in drinking waters. 19 The maximum level for ''total THMs'' permitted in drinking water has been set at 100 mg L À1 in the EU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography coupled to tunable pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry for environmental analysis

Solà-Vázquez

Lara-Gonzalo

Costa‐Fernández

et al. 2010

Analyst

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A tuneable microsecond pulsed direct current glow discharge (GD)-time-of-flight mass spectrometer MS(TOF) developed in our laboratory was coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) to obtain sequential collection of the mass spectra, at different temporal regimes occurring in the GD pulses, during elution of the analytes. The capabilities of this set-up were explored using a mixture of volatile organic compounds of environmental concern: BrClCH, Cl 3 CH, Cl 4 C, BrCl 2 CH, Br 2 ClCH, Br 3 CH. The experimental parameters of the GC-pulsed GD-MS(TOF) prototype were optimized in order to separate appropriately and analyze the six selected organic compounds, and two GC carrier gases, helium and nitrogen, were evaluated. Mass spectra for all analytes were obtained in the prepeak, plateau and afterpeak temporal regimes of the pulsed GD. Results showed that helium offered the best elemental sensitivity, while nitrogen provided higher signal intensities for fragments and molecular peaks. The analytical performance characteristics were also worked out for each analyte. Absolute detection limits obtained were in the order of ng. In a second step, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME), as sample preparation and preconcentration technique, was evaluated for the quantification of the compounds under study, in order to achieve the required analytical sensitivity for trihalomethanes European Union (EU) environmental legislation. The analytical figures of merit obtained using the proposed methodology showed rather good detection limits (between 2 and 13 mg L À1 depending on the analyte). In fact, the developed methodology met the EU legislation requirements (the maximum level permitted in tap water for the ''total trihalomethanes'' is set at 100 mg L À1 ). Real analysis of drinking water and river water were successfully carried out. To our knowledge this is the first application of GC-pulsed GD-MS(TOF) for the analysis of real samples. Its ability to provide elemental, fragments and molecular information of the organic compounds is demonstrated.

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“…The LODs for CF, DCBM, DBCM, and BF are 4.4, 1.5, 1.1, and 1.0 ng, respectively, and are listed in Table II. A second, and more accurate method, to analyze SAW responses to analyte exposures is to integrate the total area under each response peak. 9,10,[12][13][14]17 The integrated peak areas are plotted against the known injected analyte mass for each THM in Fig. 7b.…”

Section: Saw Performance Vs Npc Deposition Condition/mass Density-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] Other detectors with GC have also been demonstrated, including microwave plasma emission, 15 thermal conductivity detection, 16 and atomic emission detection. 17 Arrays of surface acoustic wave (SAW) device sensors were successfully demonstrated to detect a large number of VOCs, including both chloroform and bromoform at 10 ppb concentrations in water, in combination with purge and trap methods, to develop a cost-effective alternative for on-site measurement of VOCs. 18 However, detection of these low concentrations required 500 mL volume samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detecting Trihalomethanes Using Nanoporous-Carbon Coated Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors

Siegal

Mowry

Pfeifer

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We study nanoporous-carbon (NPC) grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as a sorbent coating on 96.5-MHz surface-acousticwave (SAW) devices to detect trihalomethanes (THMs), regulated byproducts from the chemical treatment of drinking water. Using both insertion-loss and isothermal-response measurements from known quantities of chloroform, the highest vapor pressure THM, we optimize the NPC mass-density at 1.05 ± 0.08 g/cm 3 by controlling the background argon pressure during PLD. Precise THM quantities in a chlorobenzene solvent are directly injected into a separation column and detected as the phase-angle shift of the SAW device output compared to the drive signal. Using optimized NPC-coated SAWs, we study the chloroform response as a function of operating temperatures ranging from 10-50 • C. Finally, we demonstrate individual responses from complex mixtures of all four THMs, with masses ranging from 10-2000 ng, after gas chromatography separation. Estimates for each THM detection limit using a simple peak-height response evaluation are 4.4 ng for chloroform and 1 ng for bromoform; using an integrated-peak area response analysis improves the detection limits to 0.73 ng for chloroform and 0.003 ng bromoform.

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Purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection for volatile halogenated organic compounds determination in waters and beverages

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Determination of THMs in soft drink by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography

Determination of THMs in soft drink by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography

Gas chromatography coupled to tunable pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry for environmental analysis

Detecting Trihalomethanes Using Nanoporous-Carbon Coated Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors

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