Purification and structural elucidation of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate from Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) skins and their anticoagulant and ACE inhibitory activities

Abstract

Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) was extracted from Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) skin (SGAT) and was purified and characterized. SGAT was characterized by acetate cellulose electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy, 13 C NMR spectroscopy and SAX-HPLC. According to the results obtained for specific chondroitinases (ABC and AC) and the SAX-HPLC separation of generated unsaturated repeating disaccharides, the polymer was found to contain a disaccharide monosulfated in positions 6 and 4 of GalNAc and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. These results were confirmed by 13 C NMR experiments. The average molecular mass was 24.07 kDa, as determined by PAGE analysis. SGAT was evaluated for its in vitro anticoagulant activity via activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and prothrombin time tests. The polymer showed strong inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (IC 50 ¼ 0.25 mg mL À1 ). Overall, the results suggest that this newly extracted CS/DS can be useful for pharmacological applications. Fig. 3 (A) Anticoagulant activity of the purified CS/DS from Atlantic bluefin tuna skin (SGAT) at different concentrations evaluated by measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). (B) Anticoagulant activity of SGAT at different concentrations evaluated by measurement of the thrombin time (TT). (C) Anticoagulant activity of SGAT at different concentrations evaluated by measurement of the prothrombin time (PT). All results are expressed as mean AE SD (n ¼ 3) and all measurements were performed in triplicate. 37972 | RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 37965-37975 This journal is

Nanoparticles Based on Chondroitin Sulfate from Tuna Heads and Chitooligosaccharides for Enhanced Water Solubility and Sustained Release of Curcumin

“…The characteristic peaks of S=O were observed at 1223, 1231, 1230, and 1230 cm −1 for standard CSA, CSC, and CS derived from skipjack and yellowfin tuna heads, respectively. The results were in line with previous studies on extracted samples of buffalo tracheal, nasal and joint cartilages [ 61 ]; crocodile hyoid, rib, sternum, and tracheal cartilages; shark fin; ray cartilage; chicken keel cartilage [ 60 ]; cephalopods [ 75 ]; and Atlantic bluefin tuna skins [ 77 ]. The characteristic peaks of C–O–S were observed at 854, 829, 833, and 839 cm −1 for standard CSA, CSC, and CS extracted from skipjack and yellowfin tuna heads, respectively.…”

“…The characteristic peaks of C–O–S were observed at 854, 829, 833, and 839 cm −1 for standard CSA, CSC, and CS extracted from skipjack and yellowfin tuna heads, respectively. The results were in line with previous studies on extracted samples of buffalo tracheal, nasal, and joint cartilages [ 61 ]; crocodile hyoid, rib, sternum, and tracheal cartilages; shark fin; ray cartilage; chicken keel cartilage [ 60 ]; cephalopods [ 75 ]; Atlantic bluefin tuna skins [ 77 ]; and Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) bones [ 78 ]. The slight variation in this characteristic peak observed in this study indicated that they were made up of different proportions of CSC and CSA [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Identification of ACE I-Inhibitory Peptides Released by the Hydrolysis of Tub Gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna) Skin Proteins and the Impact of Their In Silico Gastrointestinal Digestion

“…Only a few reports have focused on the ACE-inhibitory activity of marine GAGs. The ACE-inhibitory activity of GAGs from tub gurnard skin was slightly lower than what was reported by Karimzadeh [ 22 ] for GAGs extracted from sturgeon cartilage (85.7% ACE inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), and by Krichen et al [ 23 ] for GAGs from Atlantic Bluefin tuna skin (70.81% at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL). The ACE-inhibitory activity was also lower than the values reported by Abdelmalek et al [ 24 ] for GAGs released from common squid skin (50% at 0.14 mg/mL).…”

Anti-aging biomaterial sturgeon chondroitin sulfate upregulating anti-oxidant and SIRT-1/c-fos gene expression to reprogram stem cell senescence and prolong longevity

“…The total sugar content in CSDB, as determined using the phenol–sulfuric acid method, was 93.10% ± 0.54, which is higher than that reported in CS from smooth-hound cartilage (89.43%), Atlantic bluefin tuna skin (80.12%), 42,43 and chicken cartilage (20.47%). 41 Next, the total uronic acid content in sturgeon CSDB, as determined using the carbazole method, was 71.12% ± 1.03, which is similar to that reported in CS from Atlantic bluefin tuna (69%), smooth hound cartilage (80.7%), 42,43 and chicken cartilage (40.92%). 38…”