Putative nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing cells in the central nervous system of the leech,Hirudo medicinalis: NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry

Leake, L.D.; Moroz, Leonid L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00220-x

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…NADPH-dependent diaphorase histochemistry and/or immunohistochemistry have been used to localize NOS in a number of different invertebrate preparations. These include the pharynx of the planarian Dulgesia tigrina (Eriksson, 1996); the CNS of Hirudo medicinalis (Leake and Moroz, 1996); the brain of two crayfish, Cambarellus montezumae (Talavera et al, 1995) and Procambarus clarkii (Johansson and Mellon, 1998); the brain of the locust (Elphick et al, 1993(Elphick et al, , 1995b; the antennae of Manduca sexta (Stengl and Zintl, 1996); and the nervous system of various gastropod molluscs, including Limax maximus (Gelperin, 1994), Helix aspersa (Cooke et al, 1994), Pleurobranchaea californica (Moroz and Gillette, 1996), Helix pomatia (Huang et al, 1997), and Lymnaea stagnalis (Moroz and Roylance, 1993;Moroz et al, , 1994. There is physiological evidence of NOS activity in Aplysia (Meulemans et al, 1995), and in Drosophila a NOS gene (dNOS) has been cloned by Regulski and Tully (1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis

et al. 2000

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Nitric oxide synthase-like protein (NOS) is shown to be present in specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of the cephalopod mollusc Sepia officinalis (cuttlefish). NOS activity, which is Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent, was determined by measuring the conversion of L-[(14)C]arginine in L-[(14)C]citrulline. The partially purified NOS from brain and optic lobes exhibited on SDS-PAGE a band at 150 kDa that was immunolabelled by antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acids 1,414-1,429 of the C-terminus of rat nNOS. This same antibody was then used for immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of the cuttlefish CNS to reveal localized specific staining of cell bodies and fibers in several lobes of the brain. Staining was found in many lower motor centers, including cells and fibers of the inferior and superior buccal lobes (feeding centers); in some higher motor centers (anterior basal and peduncle lobes); in learning centers (vertical, subvertical, and superior frontal lobes); and in the visual system [retina and deep retina (optic lobe)]. Immunopositivity was also found in the olfactory lobe and organ and in the sucker epithelium. These findings suggest that nitric oxide (NO) may be involved as a signaling molecule in feeding, motor, learning, visual, and olfactory systems in the cuttlefish brain. The presence of NOS in the cephalopod "cerebellum" and learning centers is discussed in the context of the vertebrate CNS.

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confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis

et al. 2000

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“…For example, NOS is present in the most primitive of metazoans, the sponges, as well as mollusks, annelids, cnidarians and arthropods [Leake and Moroz, 1996;Moroz and Gillette, 1996;Korneev et al, 1998;Giovine et al, 2001;Kitamura et al, 2001;Rast, 2001;Watson et al, 2001;Bullerjahn and Pfluger, 2003;Christie et al, 2003;Moroz et al, 2004;Kurylas et al, 2005]. NOS-immunoreactivity (NOS-ir) in non-mammalian vertebrate brains has been detected in various fishes [Brüning et al, 1995;Villani et al, 2001;Bordieri et al, 2003;Singru et al, 2003;Ando et al, 2004;Masini et al, 2005], reptiles [Brüning et al, 1994b;Smeets et al, 1997;Haverkamp et al, 2000], and birds [Brüning et al, 1994a;Garcia-Calero et al, 2002;Balthazart et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide Synthase and NADPH Diaphorase Distribution in the Bullfrog <i>(Rana catesbeiana)</i> CNS: Pathways and Functional Implications

Huynh¹,

Boyd²

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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The gas nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important regulator of normal physiology and pathophysiology in the central nervous system (CNS). The distribution of cells releasing NO is poorly understood in non-mammalian vertebrates. Nitric oxide synthase immunocytochemistry (NOS ICC) was thus used to identify neuronal cells that contain the enzyme required for NO production in the amphibian brain and spinal cord. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry was also used because the presence of NADPHd serves as a reliable indicator of nitrergic cells. Both techniques revealed stained cells in all major structures and pathways in the bullfrog brain. Staining was identified in the olfactory glomeruli, pallium and subpallium of the telencephalon; epithalamus, thalamus, preoptic area, and hypothalamus of the diencephalon; pretectal area, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon; all layers of the cerebellum; reticular formation; nucleus of the solitary tract, octaval nuclei, and dorsal column nuclei of the medulla; and dorsal and motor fields of the spinal cord. In general, NADPHd histochemistry provided better staining quality, especially in subpallial regions, although NOS ICC tended to detect more cells in the olfactory bulb, pallium, ventromedial thalamus, and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. NOS ICC was also more sensitive for motor neurons and consistently labeled them in the vagus nucleus and along the length of the rostral spinal cord. Thus, nitrergic cells were ubiquitously distributed throughout the bullfrog brain and likely serve an essential regulatory function.

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“…Since NADPH-d activity is a characteristic histochemical marker of NOS [24] the conflict warrants further investigations. The presence and pattern of NADPH-d labelled neurons were shown in the CNS of leeches [13], which are closely related to earthworms, so the organization of the VNC ganglia seems to be similar, but the staining was restricted to perikarya and no characteristic labelling was described in the neuropile. In contrast to an earlier work focused on the investigation of the NADPH-d stained structures of earthworm CNS [12], this study presented not only an account of NADPH-d reactivity of several structures in earthworms' VNC ganglia but also the exact anatomical positions of some distinct structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It has been shown that in PFA-fixed samples, except of NOS, all of the NADPH-d requiring enzymes lost their catalytic activity, thus subsequent to PFA fixation only NOS could be stained with NADPH-d [13]. If the NADPH-d histochemistry is a marker of NOS-activity as was suggested earlier in both vertebrates [3,21] and invertebrates [1,11] all of the SLABs and a few putative CSCs (tactile and pressure receptors) of earthworms are NOS containing structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry selectively stains peripheral and central sensory structures of lumbricid earhworms

Zsombok¹,

Pollák²,

Molńar³

2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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By means of whole mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry the distribution pattern of primary sensory cells (PSC) and the pathway of their central processes in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) ganglia were investigated in the lumbricid earthworms, Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris. The distribution pattern of the stained structures seemed to be the same in both species investigated. Strong labelling occurred in sensory fibre branches of segmental nerves and in each of the sensory longitudinal axon bundles of VNC ganglia. Based on their anatomical location some NADPH-d positive central sensory cells were identified from among which the putative tactile receptors were characterized by constant, strong staining.

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Putative nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing cells in the central nervous system of the leech,Hirudo medicinalis: NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis

Nitric Oxide Synthase and NADPH Diaphorase Distribution in the Bullfrog <i>(Rana catesbeiana)</i> CNS: Pathways and Functional Implications

NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry selectively stains peripheral and central sensory structures of lumbricid earhworms

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