Pycnogenol® chewing gum minimizes gingival bleeding and plaque formation

Kimbrough, C.; Chun, Minna; Roca, G. dela; Lau, Benjamin H.S.

doi:10.1078/09447110260571643

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These observations are in accordance with the previously described inhibition of plaque formation in humans by chewing sugar-free gum containing Pycnogenol ® (Kimbrough et al, 2002). Subjects wearing plastic stints to avoid tooth-brushing were advised to chew either six pieces of sugar-free control chewing gum a day over a period of 2 weeks, or commercially available chewing gum with 5 mg Pycnogenol ® .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Pycnogenol ® is used world-wide as a dietary supplement as well as a food ingredient because of its manifold health benefits related to antioxidant, protein-binding and endothelial nitric oxide synthesis activities (Rohdewald, 2002). Chewing gum containing Pycnogenol ® was previously shown in a double-blind placebo (plain chewing gum) controlled clinical study to reduce gingival bleeding and plaque formation (Kimbrough et al, 2002). The latter effect made it plausible that the components of Pycnogenol ® might possess bacteriostatic activities and this was the impetus for the study presented here.…”

Section: Pycnogenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activity of Pycnogenol^®

Torras¹,

Faura²,

Schönlau³

et al. 2005

Phytotherapy Research

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Pycnogenol, a standardized extract of Pinus pinaster bark, was tested for its antimicrobial activity against 23 different pathogenic prokaryotic (gram-positive and gram-negative) and eukaryotic (yeast and fungi) microorganisms. Pycnogenol inhibited the growth of all the tested microorganisms in minimum concentrations ranging from 20 to 250 microg/mL. Thus, Pycnogenol in concentrations as low as 0.025% could counteract the growth of all the strains investigated in our study. These results conform with clinical oral health care studies describing the prevention of plaque formation and the clearance of candidiasis by Pycnogenol.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Pycnogenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnogenol^®

Torras¹,

Faura²,

Schönlau³

et al. 2005

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Kimbrough et al (24) reported that PYC-containing chewing gum minimized gingival bleeding and plaque formation, when the subjects had worn an acrylic stent while they brushed their teeth over a period of 14 d. Their results show antibacterial activity of PYC to inhibit plaque formation. Sugimoto et al (25) reported the bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis with 1,000 mg/mL PYC treatment were treated with 0 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, or 1,000 mg/mL of PYC for 10 min and bacterial suspension was serially diluted and spread onto a BHI sheep blood agar plate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Torras et al (23) found that PYC possesses marked bacteriostatic activity against a broad range of microorganisms, including cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Kimbrough et al (24) reported that PYC-containing chewing gum minimized gingival bleeding and plaque formation. Recently, Sugimoto et al (25) demonstrated that PYC inhibited alveolar bone resorption caused by P. gingivalis, which is considered to be one of the major periodontopathic bacteria, resulting from PYC antibacterial potency inflicted on this microorganism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of French Pine Bark Extract Chewing Gum on Oral Malodor and Salivary Bacteria

Watanabe

Hiramine

Toyama

et al. 2018

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Frequent or persistent malodor (halitosis) represents a considerable embarrassment to those affected. French pine bark extract, Pycnogenol ® (PYC), has displayed antibacterial activity against a broad range of bacterial species. In the present study, anticipated benefits of PYC on diminishing halitosis were investigated. Ten healthy males and 11 females, aged 40.1612.3 y, were recruited based on threshold breath sulfur compounds presence, diagnosed by portable gas chromatography. Subjects were randomly assigned to either sugar-free gums, or gums bearing an additional 2.5 mg PYC per piece. The subjects were required to consume two pieces of PYC or placebo gum six times daily for 15 min. The levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), measured by OralChroma TM , and tongue-coating score were recorded at baseline, 2, and 4 wk. Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva were cultured on Brucella blood agar plates containing 0.05% cysteine, 0.12% glutathione, and 0.02% lead acetate. The group consuming PYC chewing gum reduced exhaled hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide significantly (p,0.01) after 2 wk versus baseline. Continuation of daily PYC-gum consumption for 4 wk remarkably lowered the tongue-coating score and exhaled hydrogen sulfide was significantly decreased compared to the placebo group. PYC chewing gum significantly reduced hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva after 4 wk (p,0.01), with no effects observed in the placebo control. The results suggest that PYC chewing gum is effective in reducing oral malodor by decreasing the accumulation of tongue coating and the number of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva.

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“…The results for the other two chewing gums show a decrease in the quantitative count of Streptococcus mutans, but it is not statistically significant. Some explanations for these results could be: the release of medication in the saliva quickly disappears from the oral cavity due to an involuntary deglutition [19]. The medication concentration in the oral cavity always tend to decrease as a result of dilution with saliva, or releasing the medication gum is strongly influenced by the formulation of the gum and the way in which the patient chews the gum [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%