Pyrolysis of poly-?-leucine under combustion-like conditions⋆

Hansson, Karl-Martin; Åmand, Lars-Erik; Habermann, Arno; Winter, Franz

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00357-5

Cited by 107 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, during the past 10 years, the idea that most of the nitrogen in biomass is in the form of proteins has been seriously questioned. Instead it has been suggested that all nitrogen in biomass should be in heterocyclic aromatic structures [8][9][10], but as outlined in previous work [6,7], the evidence for nitrogen being in heterocyclic structures are not conclusive. In contrast, all available data support the view that proteins are the main source of nitrogen in wood and other biomass [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Proteins have been found to be the main source of nitrogen in wood (see [6,7] for a review). However, during the past 10 years, the idea that most of the nitrogen in biomass is in the form of proteins has been seriously questioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, it has been suggested that the pyrolysis of proteins as model compounds would lead to increased insight regarding the formation of nitrogen-containing species from biomass [6,7]. These studies revealed that HCN, NH 3 , and HNCO are the main pyrolysis products from proteins and that the amino acid composition of the protein greatly affects the distribution of nitrogen between the solid residue and the gas phase as well as the HCN/NH 3 selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies revealed that HCN, NH 3 , and HNCO are the main pyrolysis products from proteins and that the amino acid composition of the protein greatly affects the distribution of nitrogen between the solid residue and the gas phase as well as the HCN/NH 3 selectivity. Since the amino acid composition of the proteins greatly affects the selectivity between volatile nitrogen and char nitrogen as well as the selectivity of the different volatile nitrogen-containing species, it is important to choose proteins that have amino acid compositions similar to those found in biomass when using proteins as model compounds [6]. The literature data on the formation of HCN and NH 3 from biomass show great variations in yields (Table 1) and in HCN/NH 3 ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis of the polyamide nylon 6 at low temperatures produces the cyclic amide ε-caprolactam [18]. Proteins that contain amino acids with reactive side chains have been suggested to cross-link and form char [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Hansson

Samuelsson²,

Tullin³

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

316

213

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Bark pellets have been pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures between 700 and 1000 • C. Identified nitrogen-containing species were hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH 3 ), and isocyanic acid (HNCO). Quantification of HCN and to some extent of NH 3 was unreliable at 700 and 800 • C due to low concentrations. HNCO could not be quantified with any accuracy at any temperature for bark, due to the low concentrations found. Since most of the nitrogen in biomass is bound in proteins, various protein-rich model compounds were pyrolyzed with the aim of finding features that are protein-specific, making conclusions regarding the model compounds applicable for biomass fuels in general. The model compounds used were a whey protein isolate, soya beans, yellow peas, and shea nut meal. The split between HCN and NH 3 depends on the compound and temperature. It was found that the HCN/NH 3 ratio is very sensitive to temperature and increases with increasing temperature for all compounds, including bark. Comparing the ratio for the different compounds at a fixed temperature, the ratio was found to decrease with decreasing release of volatile nitrogen. The temperature dependence implies that heating rate and thereby particle size affect the split between HCN and NH 3 . For whey, soya beans, and yellow peas, HNCO was also quantified. It is suggested that most HCN and HNCO are produced from cracking of cyclic amides formed as primary pyrolysis products. The dependence of the HNCO/HCN ratio on the compound is fairly small, but the temperature dependence of the ratio is substantial, decreasing with increasing temperature. The release of nitrogen-containing species does not seem to be greatly affected by the other constituents of the fuel, and proteins appear to be suitable model compounds for the nitrogen in biomass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Hansson

Samuelsson²,

Tullin³

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

316

213

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Emissions of nitrogen‐containing organic compounds from the burning of herbaceous and arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the variability of commonly used nitrile tracers

Coggon

Veres

Yuan

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

100

107

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from residential wood and crop residue burning were measured in Colorado, U.S. When compared to the emissions from crop burning, residential wood burning exhibited markedly lower concentrations of acetonitrile, a commonly used biomass burning tracer. For both herbaceous and arboraceous fuels, the emissions of nitrogen‐containing VOCs (NVOCs) strongly depend on the fuel nitrogen content; therefore, low NVOC emissions from residential wood burning result from the combustion of low‐nitrogen fuel. Consequently, the emissions of compounds hazardous to human health, such as HNCO and HCN, and the formation of secondary pollutants, such as ozone generated by NOx, are likely to depend on fuel nitrogen. These results also demonstrate that acetonitrile may not be a suitable tracer for domestic burning in urban areas. Wood burning emissions may be best identified through analysis of the emissions profile rather than reliance on a single tracer species.

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Bio‐oil Deoxygenation by Catalytic Pyrolysis: New Catalysts for the Conversion of Biomass into Densified and Deoxygenated Bio‐oil

Sanna

Andrésen

2012

ChemSusChem

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This work proposes an innovative catalytic pyrolysis process that converts bio-refinery residues, such as spent grains, into intermediate bio-oil with improved properties compared to traditional bio-oils, which allows the use of existing crude-oil refinery settings for bio-oil upgrading into fuels. The integration of bio-oil into a crude-oil refinery would decrease the economic disadvantage of biomass compared to fossil fuels. The catalytic pyrolysis was able to produce bio-oil with a lower O and N content and high levels of aliphatics and H by using activated serpentine and olivine at 430-460 °C. The activated materials seem to be beneficial to the bio-oil energy content by increasing it from less than 20 MJ kg(-1) in the original biomass to 26 MJ kg(-1). Approximately 70-74 % of the starting energy remains in the bio-oil using activated olivine (ACOL) and activated serpentine (ACSE) at 430 °C, whereas only 52 % is retained using alumina (ALU) at the same temperature. There was a strong reduction of the O content in the bio-oils, and the deoxygenation power decreased in the following order: ACOL>ACSE>ALU. In particular, ACOL at 430-460 °C was able to reduce the O content of the bio-oil by 40 %. The oxygenated bio-oil macromolecules interact in the catalyst's active sites with the naturally present metallic species and undergo decarboxylation with the formation of C(5)-C(6) O-depleted species.

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Pyrolysis of poly-?-leucine under combustion-like conditions⋆

Cited by 107 publications

References 31 publications

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Emissions of nitrogen‐containing organic compounds from the burning of herbaceous and arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the variability of commonly used nitrile tracers

Bio‐oil Deoxygenation by Catalytic Pyrolysis: New Catalysts for the Conversion of Biomass into Densified and Deoxygenated Bio‐oil

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