Pyrolysis profile of a rectangular kiln – natural scientific investigation of a traditional charcoal production process

Tintner, Johannes; Preimesberger, Christoph; Pfeifer, Christoph; Theiner, Johannes; Ottner, Franz; Wriessnig, Karin; Puchberger, Michael; Smidt, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104757

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Pyrolysis as a process is still attainable in isolated rural communities, where traditional pyrolysis processes would serve as a substitute for the heat pipe reactor used in this study. The pyrolysis temperature in conventional processes often exceeds the pyrolysis temperatures used in this study (Tintner et al, 2020). Therefore, greater precautions for conventional pyrolysis towards the production of adsorbents in developing rural areas are required.…”

Section: Comparison Of Adsorption Performance With Literaturementioning

confidence: 96%

The removal of tetracycline from water using biochar produced from agricultural discarded material

Hoslett

Ghazal

Katsou

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

134

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An issue of significant importance worldwide is the contamination of water with antibiotics giving rise to antibiotic resistance in the environment. Antibiotics such as tetracycline are widely used in agriculture, as such they can pollute water courses, providing a means by which environmental bacteria can evolve antibiotic resistance genes. Biochar can form part of a solution as it is a well-known adsorbent. This material can be efficient in the adsorption of a wide range of pollutants and is inexpensive. An innovative heat pipe reactor was used to produce biochar from excess food and garden materials. This biochar was characterised using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analyser (SEM-EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The biochar produced had an adsorption capacity between 2.98 mg/g and 8.23 mg/g for initial tetracycline concentrations of 20 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data. Kinetics examination revealed a rapid adsorption of tetracycline during the initial stages. The Elovich equation fitted the experimental data well. This adsorbent could therefore be produced at the site of an agricultural enterprise through the pyrolysis of agriculture waste and then used to reduce the infiltration of antibiotics into the environment.

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Section: Comparison Of Adsorption Performance With Literaturementioning

confidence: 96%

The removal of tetracycline from water using biochar produced from agricultural discarded material

Hoslett

Ghazal

Katsou

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Prediction results for the current sample sets are presented in Fig. 5a and indicate that many charcoal samples from Olzreute (OL) and Bodnegg (BO) were subjected to similar temperatures as kiln samples 52 . Comparison of standard deviations of all sample sets (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next step, the carbonization temperature that the wood was exposed to, was determined based on spectral characteristics using an established prediction model 51 . It has to be emphasized that the prediction model has been calibrated with fresh charcoals from laboratory experiments 51 and applied on recent traditional kiln processes 52 . The aging effect is not considered in the model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared spectroscopy refines chronological assessment, depositional environment and pyrolysis conditions of archeological charcoals

Smidt

Tintner

Nelle

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Based on infrared spectral characteristics, six archeological sample sets of charcoals from German (5) and Brazilian (1) sites, covering the time span from the nineteenth century CE to 3950 BCE, were compared to a chronological (present to the fifteenth century BCE) series of Austrian charcoals. A typical chronological trend of several bands (stretch vibrations: O-CO of carboxylates at 1,585-1,565 and 1,385-1,375 cm −1 , CO carboxylic acids at 1,260-1,250 cm −1) that indicate oxidation and subsequently increasing hydrophilicity (O-H stretch vibration at about 3,400 cm −1) was also contained in the archive samples. Three sample sets fit in the typical band development according to their age. For three sample sets this conformity was not observed. Despite the age of two sample sets (3950-2820 BCE), most charcoals were assigned to the Modern Period. Apart from the high degree of carbonization, anaerobic depositional conditions over a longer period of time seem to contribute to the surprising conservation. Non-removable mineral components in charcoals, as observed in a third sample set, strongly influence infrared band intensities and positions of organic compounds. The role of inorganic components in terms of charcoal aging, and the information we can obtain from spectral characteristics in an archeological context, are discussed. Black carbon (BC), a product of incomplete combustion, comprises a wide range of charred organic materials with different chemical and physical properties. Charcoal represents a main component. Apart from its function as remains in the historical and archeological context, its behavior, stability and turnover under different environmental conditions are the focus of numerous investigations in diverse research fields. Due to its recalcitrance, BC is considered to be a relevant sink in the carbon cycle 1. Stable and relatively persistent BC is found in deep marine sediments 2 , at archeological sites 3,4 and as component of Chernozems 5,6. Charcoals are archeological evidences for former land use and deforestation 7 and support the reconstruction of the long-term development of forest ecosystems 8,9 , forest fires 10-12 and anthropogenic activities associated with fire 13. Chemical changes in soils due to the aging of pyrogenic carbon from slash-and-burn practices and the evolution of stable carbon stocks were observed in the Fujian Province 14. The aim to quantify the stable carbon pool in soils and sediments and to understand the behavior of black carbon, its residence time, degradation, turnover rates and the associated influencing factors in the environment has prompted many studies, both lab and field experiments. These have led to apparently contradictory observations due to the individual chemistry of pyrogenic organic matter and different storage conditions in soils in terms of temperature, moisture and oxygen access 15. Some fundamental facts can be deduced from numerous

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“…The avocado wood DTG peaks appear at temperatures: 90 °C, 153 °C, 224 °C, 300 °C, 326 °C, and 475 °C. The wood decomposition rate in each pyrolysis stage is obtained at a certain temperature peak, 38 meaning that at these temperatures the phase shift to gas is maximal 32 . Gas emitted at each stage was analyzed by FTIR and is presented in Table 1 and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2(b)), for avocado and lemon pyrolysis comparison. [29][30][31] The 38 meaning that at these temperatures the phase shift to gas is maximal. 32 Gas emitted at each stage was analyzed by FTIR and is presented in Table 1 and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of pyrolysis kinetics and gaseous compounds emitted during charcoal production from woods commonly used in the Eastern Mediterranean

Ankona¹,

Multanen

Nisnevitch³

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Air pollution caused by the traditional charcoal production industry is an environmental problem for developing countries. Avocado (Persea americana) and Lemon (Citrus limon) trees that are commonly used in the charcoal industry in the Eastern Mediterranean were chosen as representatives of charcoal raw material in a wood pyrolysis kinetic study that was conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The weight loss was measured in a nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 °C.min−1 at a temperature range from 30 °C to 700 °C. Four main stages, denoted as dehydration, initial decomposition and both active and final decomposition, were registered in the wood thermal decomposition. The main gases produced were identified in the active decomposition stage for lemonwood and avocado wood, respectively, in the temperature range of 255 to 355 °C and 246 to 340 °C. The released gases in the biomass pyrolysis were measured on‐line using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Main gas products of avocado and lemonwood pyrolysis were similar and included CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, and several organic compounds including methanol, formic acid, acetic acid, and furan. Charcoal production thermogravimetric analysis validated that the wood biomass thermal decomposition process has four stages: (1) water evaporation; (2) initial decomposition; (3) active decomposition, and (4) final decomposition. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Pyrolysis profile of a rectangular kiln – natural scientific investigation of a traditional charcoal production process

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The removal of tetracycline from water using biochar produced from agricultural discarded material

The removal of tetracycline from water using biochar produced from agricultural discarded material

Infrared spectroscopy refines chronological assessment, depositional environment and pyrolysis conditions of archeological charcoals

Investigation of pyrolysis kinetics and gaseous compounds emitted during charcoal production from woods commonly used in the Eastern Mediterranean

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