Pyropia yezoensis Extract Suppresses IFN-Gamma- and TNF-Alpha-Induced Proinflammatory Chemokine Production in HaCaT Cells via the Down-Regulation of NF-κB

Abstract

Pyropia yezoensis, a red alga, is popular and harvested a lot in East Asia and is famous for its medicinal properties attributable to its bioactive compounds including amino acids (porphyra-334 and shinorine, etc.), polysaccharides, phytosterols, and pigments, but its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the anti-AD effect of P. yezoensis extract (PYE) on mRNA and protein levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokines, thymus, and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells treated to interferon (IFN)-γ or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng/mL each). The effect of the PYE on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its suppression of TARC and MDC production by blocking NF-κB activation in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin and xanthophyll from P. yezoensis were identified as anti-AD candidate compounds. These results suggest that the PYE may improve AD and contained two carotenoids by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines.

4-Hydroxy-7-Methoxycoumarin Inhibits Inflammation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 Macrophages by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation

“…It then induces the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2. Several studies have shown that anti-inflammatory agents inhibit NF-κB activation by preventing IκB degradation [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Thus, we attempted to determine whether 4H-7MTC inhibits IκB phosphorylation and degradation.…”

Red Seaweed-Derived Compounds as a Potential New Approach for Acne Vulgaris Care

“…P. yezoensis aqueous protein extract downregulated MAPK and NF-κB in the HK2 human proximal tubular epithelial cell line [152]; extracted MAAs obtained through an ethanol extraction, and reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB in the skin of male ICR mice [153]. Other species can be included as containers of compounds which are able to inhibit NF-κB, including G. lanceolata [154], L. glandulifera [141], Polysiphonia morrowii [155], and Pyropia yezoensis [156]. In this latter study, the use of methanol extracts from P. yezoensis revealed TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) and MDC (macrophagederived chemokine) expression inhibition, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), p38 inhibition, and nuclear factors NF-κB and IkB-α downregulation, when using the cell line HaCaT induced with interferon (IFN)-γ and HaCaT induced with TNF-α [156].…”

“…Other species can be included as containers of compounds which are able to inhibit NF-κB, including G. lanceolata [154], L. glandulifera [141], Polysiphonia morrowii [155], and Pyropia yezoensis [156]. In this latter study, the use of methanol extracts from P. yezoensis revealed TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) and MDC (macrophagederived chemokine) expression inhibition, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), p38 inhibition, and nuclear factors NF-κB and IkB-α downregulation, when using the cell line HaCaT induced with interferon (IFN)-γ and HaCaT induced with TNF-α [156]. HaCaT are immortalized human skin keratinocytes that produce proinflammatory cytokines affecting the development of inflammatory skin disorders [119].…”

“…Pyropia yezoensis is rich in bioactive compounds such as amino acids, polysaccharides, phytosterols, and pigments. The study by Ha et al [156] in keratinocytes, using that macroalgae, vouched for the anti-inflammatory activity of its extracts by suppressing pro-inflammatory chemokines. Although MAAs are presented here as anti-inflammatory agents, in accordance with most of the studies we found, a report by Becker et al, (2016) proved that not all MAAs are anti-inflammatory; some are pro-inflammatory, even when the chemical structure is similar.…”

Optimization of Porphyran Extraction from Pyropia yezoensis by Response Surface Methodology and Its Lipid-Lowering Effects

“…Pyropia yezoensis , rich in porphyran, is a kind of marine vegetable that is widely distributed and popular in China, Korea, and Japan. Studies have shown that porphyran derived from P. yezoensis demonstrates some pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory [ 27 ], antitumor [ 28 ], antioxidation, immunomodulation, anticardiovascular, and anticerebrovascular functions [ 29 ]; however, the lipid-lowering effect of P. yezoensis porphyran remains unclear. In this study, the yield of porphyran isolated from P. yezoensis via hot water extraction was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a powerful statistical and mathematical model.…”