Q Fever in Sokoto, Nigeria

Blondeau, Joseph M; Yates, Linda; Martin, R.R.; Marrie, Thomas J.; Ukoli, P.; Thomas, Alexandre

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42233.x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In humans, overall prevalence of 12% was recorded in this study. Very high prevalence (44%) has been reported in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria by Blondeau et al (1998). In addition, sero-positivity was higher in males than female which is consistent with the report of McCaughey et al (2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies among humans and slaughtered ruminants in Jalingo abattoir, Nigeria

2018

Savannah Vet J

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Introduction: Q–fever is an important zoonosis in many parts of the world. However, the disease is not vastly studied in Africa. Although few studies previously carried out both in animal and human populations in Nigeria had revealed the occurrence of the disease, there is an urgent need for a study to provide clinical data on its epidemiology. Methods: A serological study was carried out at Jalingo Abattoir, Taraba state, Northern Nigeria to determine the prevalence of the disease in humans (both abattoir workers and non-livestock handlers) and slaughtered ruminants, as well as its distribution in relation to species, sex, age and occupation. A cross sectional design, random cluster sampling technique were employed for the study. Three hundred and fifty serum samples were analysed using ELISA. Results: An overall seroprevalence of 10.9% was recorded with species-specific prevalence of 10%, 9%, 13% and 12% in goats, sheep, cattle and humans respectively. Significance: Our findings demonstrated that Q-fever is present among abattoir workers and slaughtered animals at Jalingo abattoir. The prevalence reported in this study calls for the government’s attention towards public enlightenment on its economic and zoonotic importance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies among humans and slaughtered ruminants in Jalingo abattoir, Nigeria

2018

Savannah Vet J

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“…In southern France, 5 to 8% of cases of endocarditis are due to C. burnetii , and the prevalence of acute Q fever is 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants [18]. Seroepidemiological surveys have shown that 18.3% of blood donors in Morocco, 26% in Tunisia [52], 37% in Zimbabwe [53], 44% in Nigeria [54], 10 to 37% in northeast Africa, and 14.6 to 36.6% in different areas of Canada [22] had anti- C. burnetii antibodies. Large outbreaks of Q fever have also been reported in the Basque country in Spain [55], in Switzerland [56], in Great Britain [57], and in Berlin, Germany [58].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease

Honarmand

2012

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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Q fever is a bacterial infection affecting mainly the lungs, liver, and heart. It is found around the world and is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. The bacteria affects sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, cats, birds, rodents, and ticks. Infected animals shed this bacteria in birth products, feces, milk, and urine. Humans usually get Q fever by breathing in contaminated droplets released by infected animals and drinking raw milk. People at highest risk for this infection are farmers, laboratory workers, sheep and dairy workers, and veterinarians. Chronic Q fever develops in people who have been infected for more than 6 months. It usually takes about 20 days after exposure to the bacteria for symptoms to occur. Most cases are mild, yet some severe cases have been reported. Symptoms of acute Q fever may include: chest pain with breathing, cough, fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pains, and shortness of breath. Symptoms of chronic Q fever may include chills, fatigue, night sweats, prolonged fever, and shortness of breath. Q fever is diagnosed with a blood antibody test. The main treatment for the disease is with antibiotics. For acute Q fever, doxycycline is recommended. For chronic Q fever, a combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine is often used long term. Complications are cirrhosis, hepatitis, encephalitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, meningitis, and pneumonia. People at risk should always: carefully dispose of animal products that may be infected, disinfect any contaminated areas, and thoroughly wash their hands. Pasteurizing milk can also help prevent Q fever.

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“…In the south of France, 5 to 8% of endocarditis is due to C. burnetii, and overall acute Q fever prevalence is of 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants 46 . Seroepidemiological study demonstrated that 10 to 36% of blood donors worldwide possess anti‐ C. burnetii antibodies 14,63–66 . Worldwide seroprevalence of C. burnetii in pregnant women is poorly known.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Seroepidemiological study demonstrated that 10 to 36% of blood donors worldwide possess anti-C. burnetii antibodies. 14,[63][64][65][66] Worldwide seroprevalence of C. burnetii in pregnant women is poorly known. It has been evaluated to be of 3.8% in Canada 67 and 4.7% in Tanzania.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Q Fever during Pregnancy

Carcopino

Raoult

Bretelle

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Q fever may be present as an acute or a chronic infection and can be reactivated during subsequent pregnancies. Although its exact prevalence remains unknown, it is likely that the number of cases of Q fever in pregnant women is underestimated. During pregnancy, the illness is likely to be asymptomatic, and diagnosis is based on serology. Acute infection results in appearance of IgM and IgG antibodies mainly directed against the avirulent form of C. burnetii (phase II). Chronic Q fever results in particularly high level of IgG and IgA antibodies directed against both virulent (phase I) and avirulent (phase II) forms of the bacterium. Q fever may result in adverse pregnancy outcome, including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, oligoamnios, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), and premature delivery. Obstetric complications occur significantly more often as C. burnetii infects the patient at an early stage of her pregnancy. Occurrence of IUFD is correlated with the presence of placental infection by C. burnetii and might be the consequence of direct infection of the fetus. The mother is exposed to the risk of chronic Q fever and endocarditis with potential fatal evolution. Long-term cotrimoxazole therapy prevents from placental infection, IUFD, and maternal chronic Q fever. Such treatment should be used to treat pregnant women with Q fever. Women with previous history of Q fever should have a regular serological follow up. Obstetricians' knowledge about Q fever must be improved.

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Q Fever in Sokoto, Nigeria

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies among humans and slaughtered ruminants in Jalingo abattoir, Nigeria

Detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies among humans and slaughtered ruminants in Jalingo abattoir, Nigeria

Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease

Q Fever during Pregnancy

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