Qatar 2022: Facing the FIFA World Cup climatic and legacy challenges

Sofotasiou, Polytimi; Hughes, Benjamin Richard; Calautit, John Kaiser

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2014.07.007

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The interactions between the urban environment and the stadium structures as well as the wind comfort conditions on pedestrian level have also attracted great interest [10][11][12]. Finally, thermal comfort studies, employing dynamic thermal modelling and CFD techniques, were also conducted to assess thermal discomfort and temperature distribution on stadia [2,[13][14][15]41] and energy consumption requirements [16,17,42].…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

2017

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Abstract. The complexity of the built environment requires the adoption of coupled techniques to predict the flow phenomena and provide optimum design solutions. In this study, coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) optimisation tools are employed to investigate the parameters that determine the wind comfort in a two-dimensional stadium model, by optimising the roof geometry. The roof height, width and length are evaluated against the flow homogeneity at the spectator terraces and the playing field area, the roof flow rate and the average interior pressure. Based on non-parametric regression analysis, both symmetric and asymmetric configurations are considered for optimisation. The optimum design solutions revealed that it is achievable to provide an improved wind environment in both playing field area and spectator terraces, giving a further insight on the interrelations of the parameters involved. Considering the limitations of conducting a twodimensional study, the obtained results may beneficially be used as a basis for the optimisation of a complex threedimensional stadium structure and thus become an important design guide for stadium structures.

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Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

2017

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“…Energy consumption for the buildings sector worldwide is expected to grow by 45% in the 2002-2025 period [4]. In rapidly developing Middle Eastern countries such as UAE and Qatar, air-conditioning (AC) is a key contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [5]. The extreme conditions of local climate, affordable energy and increased demand for high-levels of comfort had led to the use of energy-intensive AC in nearly all buildings [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rapidly developing Middle Eastern countries such as UAE and Qatar, air-conditioning (AC) is a key contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [5]. The extreme conditions of local climate, affordable energy and increased demand for high-levels of comfort had led to the use of energy-intensive AC in nearly all buildings [5]. A study in 2005 [6] indicated that the average consumption per person in Gulf countries was almost 4 times higher than global average.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic analysis of a passive cooling technology for the built environment in hot countries

2017

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The aim of this work was to determine the ventilation and cooling potential of a passive cooling windcatcher operating under hot climatic conditions by replicating the monthly wind velocity, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity (RH) observed in a hot-desert city. The city of Ras-Al-Khaimah (RAK), UAE was used as the location of the case-study and available climatic data was used as inlet boundary conditions for the numerical analysis. The study employed the CFD code FLUENT 14.5 with the standard k-model to conduct the steady-state RANS simulation. The windcatcher model was incorporated to a 3 x 3 x 3 m 3 test room model, which was identical to the one used in the field test. Unlike most numerical simulation of windcatchers, the work will simulate wind flows found in sub-urban environment. The numerical model provided detailed analysis of the pressure, airflow and temperature distributions inside the windcatcher and test room model. Temperature and velocity profiles indicated an induced, cooler airflow inside the room; outside air was cooled from 38˚C to 26-28˚C, while the average induced airflow speed was 0.59 m/s (15% lower compared to a windcatcher w/out heat pipes). Field testing measurements were carried out in the Jazira Hamra area of RAK during the month of September. The test demonstrated the positive effect of the integration of heat pipes on the cooling performance but also highlighted several issues. The comparison between the measured and predicted supply temperatures were in good agreement, with an average error of 3.15%.

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“…In hot climates, such as those in Middle East countries, the percentage of energy consumption by air conditioning (AC) is significantly larger due to the more extreme conditions of the local climate [3]. In 2005, the average Watt/person in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries was 1149 Watt/person which was much greater than the world average (297 Watt/person) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A passive cooling wind catcher with heat pipe technology: CFD, wind tunnel and field-test analysis

Calautit

Hughes

2016

Applied Energy

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Wind catchers are natural ventilation systems based on the design of traditional architecture, intended to provide ventilation by manipulating pressure differentials around buildings induced by wind movement and temperature difference. Though the movement of air caused by the wind catcher will lead to a cooling sensation for occupants, the high air temperature in hot regions will result in little cooling to occupants. In order to maximise the properties of cooling by wind catchers, heat pipes were incorporated into the design. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the effect of the cooling devices on the performance of the wind catcher, highlighting the capabilities of the system to deliver the required fresh air rates and cool the ventilated space. Qualitative and quantitative wind tunnel measurements of the airflow through the wind catcher were compared with the CFD data and good correlation was observed.Preliminary field testing of the wind catcher was carried out to evaluate its thermal performance under real operating conditions. A cooling potential of up to 12 ˚C of supply air temperature was identified in this study.

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Qatar 2022: Facing the FIFA World Cup climatic and legacy challenges

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

Climatic analysis of a passive cooling technology for the built environment in hot countries

A passive cooling wind catcher with heat pipe technology: CFD, wind tunnel and field-test analysis

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