Quality of Experience Assessment of 360-degree video

Kasteren, Anouk van; Brunnström, Kjell; Hedlund, John; Snijders, Chris

doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.11.hvei-091

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, the user is not able to interact with the environment in any other way (e.g., moving around or interacting with objects). These videos were degraded to different quality levels using FFmpeg, the script can be found in [39]. The videos were cut, encoded with H.264 with resolution of 3840 × 2160 format and degraded to lower qualities by changing the Constant Rate Factor (CRF).…”

Section: Overview Of the Video Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To add the freezing events, the program "bufferer" [30] was used. The bufferer program will freeze the video and add a spinner at desired moments for a set time (script in [39]). In total, this resulted in 36 videos to be used in the experiment.…”

Section: Overview Of the Video Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the control variables were collected through participants filling out a short survey prior to the experiment [39].…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fixation heat maps show a summary of where participants fixated on in a particular video, see Figs. 6, 7 and 8 as well as [39]. The horizontal dimension was more explored compared to the vertical dimension.…”

Section: Attention Map Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of experience of 360 video – subjective and eye-tracking assessment of encoding and freezing distortions

Kasteren

Brunnström

Hedlund

et al. 2022

Multimed Tools Appl

Self Cite

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The research domain on the Quality of Experience (QoE) of 2D video streaming has been well established. However, a new video format is emerging and gaining popularity and availability: VR 360-degree video. The processing and transmission of 360-degree videos brings along new challenges such as large bandwidth requirements and the occurrence of different distortions. The viewing experience is also substantially different from 2D video, it offers more interactive freedom on the viewing angle but can also be more demanding and cause cybersickness. The first goal of this article is to complement earlier research by Tran, et al. (2017) [39] testing the effects of quality degradation, freezing, and content on the QoE of 360-videos. The second goal is to test the contribution of visual attention as an influence factor in the QoE assessment. Data was gathered through subjective tests where participants watched degraded versions of 360-videos through a Head-Mounted Display with integrated eye-tracking sensors. After each video they answered questions regarding their quality perception, experience, perceptual load, and cybersickness. Our results showed that the participants rated the overall QoE rather low, and the ratings decreased with added degradations and freezing events. Cyber sickness was found not to be an issue. The effects of the manipulations on visual attention were minimal. Attention was mainly directed by content, but also by surprising elements. The addition of eye-tracking metrics did not further explain individual differences in subjective ratings. Nevertheless, it was found that looking at moving objects increased the negative effect of freezing events and made participants less sensitive to quality distortions. More research is needed to conclude whether visual attention is an influence factor on the QoE in 360-video.

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Section: Overview Of the Video Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Video Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the control variables were collected through participants filling out a short survey prior to the experiment [39].…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attention Map Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quality of experience of 360 video – subjective and eye-tracking assessment of encoding and freezing distortions

Kasteren

Brunnström

Hedlund

et al. 2022

Multimed Tools Appl

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Azevedo et al [61] argued that different people may explore content in different ways, but visual attention and saliency are the two main aspects that need to be considered during the subjective evaluation of 360 • video content. Van et al [62] investigated the network disease problem by subjectively testing users' quality perception, experience, perception, and load problems. Anwar et al [63] examined two key QoE influences, perceived quality and motion sickness, by collecting subjective experience datasets from 29 users on 96 360 • viewings.…”

Section: Subjective Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on QoE-Oriented VR Video Streaming: Some Research Issues and Challenges

Ruan

Xie

2021

Electronics

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With the advent of the information age, VR video streaming services have emerged in large numbers in scenarios such as immersive entertainment, smart education, and the Internet of Vehicles. People are also demanding an increasing number of virtual-reality (VR) services, and service providers must ensure a good user experience. Therefore, the quality of the VR user’s experience is receiving increasing attention from academia and industry. The review in this paper focuses on a comprehensive summary of the current state of quality-of-experience (QoE) technologies applied to VR video streaming. First, we review the main influencing factors of QoE and VR video streaming. Second, the user QoE for VR evaluation is discussed. Third, the modeling of QoE for VR video streaming, the QoE-oriented VR optimization problem, and enabling techniques of machine learning for VR video streaming improvement are summarized. Lastly, we present current challenges and possible future research directions.

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State of the Art

Singla

2023

T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services

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Quality of Experience Assessment of 360-degree video

Abstract: Fast track article for IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2020: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging proceedings.

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Quality of experience of 360 video – subjective and eye-tracking assessment of encoding and freezing distortions

Quality of experience of 360 video – subjective and eye-tracking assessment of encoding and freezing distortions

A Survey on QoE-Oriented VR Video Streaming: Some Research Issues and Challenges

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