Quantification of drugs of abuse and some stimulants in hair samples by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry

Screening and quantitation of multiclass drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals in hair by fast liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…There are different extraction methods and comparisons between the different extraction protocols have been made [9][10][11][12][13]. The extraction step must be studied with special interest because it is not possible to make a recovery study, although some authors have published methods were they perform a recovery study only soaking the surface of the hair with a drug solution, thus always obtained good recoveries [12,14,15], but the Society of Hair Testing does not recommend this methodology. Its proposed methodology is to expose drug-free hair to aqueous solutions of drugs at high concentrations, for several days and then thoroughly wash the hair before drying and analyzing [16], additionally, these spiked samples can be used for precision studies, routine quality controls, and as internal degradation controls, but not for recovery studies.…”

“…Different methods have been proposed for the testing of class-specific groups of compounds as amphetamines and other stimulants [15,[17][18][19][20][21], sedatives [22,23], cocaine and opiates [6,15,21,24,25], or cannabis and derivatives [26,27], but there are only a few papers describing extensive screening of multiclass drugs [14,28]. The testing of hair extracts has been made by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [7,12,19,26,29,30], which has the disadvantage inherent to the gas chromatography, due to the need of derivatization of polar analytes such as most of these drugs.…”

Simultaneous determination in hair of multiclass drugs of abuse (including THC) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The various analytical methods employed to test hair extracts for abused drugs have been recently reviewed [14]. These methods include derivatization followed by gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry [15], liquid chromatography with various mass spectrometers, such as triple quadrupoles [16], ion traps [17], time-of-flight [18] and hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometers [19]. The use of direct mass spectrometric techniques such as ambient ionization mass spectrometry [20] and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) [21] have also been described for hair drug testing.…”

Application of mass spectrometry to hair analysis for forensic toxicological investigations

“…Subsequently, ESI was 266 more extensively utilized than APCI, as in a validated LC-MS/MS method (Miller et al, 2008) that 267 was aimed at the simultaneous quantification of amphetamines, opiates, cocaine and metabolites, and diazepam and metabolites (17 compounds) in post-mortem hair samples. The use of an ion trap 269 mass spectrometer was suggested (Bucelli et al, 2009) to screen 16 drugs of abuse in human hair.…”