Quantifying and simulating stormwater runoff in watersheds

Blair, Anne; Sanger, Denise; White, David L.; Holland, A.F.; Vandiver, Lisa; Bowker, Colleen; White, Susan

doi:10.1002/hyp.9616

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The CN method calculates an area weighted CN for the entire watershed based upon the sub areas of the individual CNs assigned to the hydrologic soil-land cover complexes, and these individual CNs are provided by USDA NRCS (2004a). Once the area-weighted CN is calculated, it is then used to estimate runoff for the watershed (Blair et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently developed the Stormwater Runoff Modeling System (SWARM), based on the runoff curve number (CN) and unit hydrograph methods of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to predict changes and integrate runoff dynamics at the local, small watershed scales ranging from 61 to 2415 ha (Blair et al, 2012). Multiple-site validation tests showed SWARM simulated runoff within 16% (volume) and 9% (peak flow) of measured runoff in both developed and undeveloped watersheds (Blair et al, 2012). Details of SWARM development, calibration, and evaluation are provided in Blair et al, 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple-site validation tests showed SWARM simulated runoff within 16% (volume) and 9% (peak flow) of measured runoff in both developed and undeveloped watersheds (Blair et al, 2012). Details of SWARM development, calibration, and evaluation are provided in Blair et al, 2012. The objective of this paper is to describe the range of applications possible with SWARM and to demonstrate its usefulness in exploring the impacts of development and climate change on runoff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff

et al. 2013

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Stormwater runoff is a leading cause of non‐point source pollution in urbanizing areas, and runoff effects will be exacerbated by climate's changing patterns of precipitation. To enhance understanding of impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff in small watersheds (< 6500 ha), we developed the Stormwater Runoff Modeling System (SWARM), a simple modeling system based on U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number and unit hydrograph methods. The objective of this paper is to describe the applications possible with SWARM and to demonstrate its usefulness in exploring the impacts of development and climate change on runoff. Results encompass a range of impact scenarios. One development scenario shows that the amount of rainfall converted to runoff is 27% for an undeveloped area and 67% for a highly developed area. A climate scenario shows that the amount of rainfall converted to runoff in a medium developed area is 25% in drought conditions and 76% in wet conditions. User‐friendly templates make SWARM a good tool for scientific research, for resource management and decision making, and for community science education. The modeling system also supports the investigation of social and economic impacts to communities as they adapt to increased development and climate change. Although we calibrated SWARM specifically to the southeast coastal plain, it can be applied to other regions by recalibrating parameters and modifying calculation templates. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff

et al. 2013

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“…In the loss and transformation processes, the Curve Number methods (D'ASARO et al, 2014;MAHMOUD, 2014) and the SCS unit hydrograph were used (BLAIR et al, 2014). The propagation in the reservoir was determined by the classical Puls Method.…”

Section: Hydrological Simulation Of Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood damping by reservoirs: proposition of a graphical parametric method

Souza

Studart

Neto

et al. 2017

RBRH

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Flood reduction constitutes an important characteristic of surface reservoir design. Thus, to ensure that minimum safety standards are met, the Safety Dams Act was approved in 2010. Many multipurpose surface reservoirs are aging and getting out of the current technical standards. In Ceará State, Brazil, there are several dams built for many decades, with spillways sized by empirical formulae which are currently outdated. This article contributes to improve the understanding of the morphological and hydrological factors involved in the process of damping floods in reservoirs and the development of a simple application method that estimates the damping, from such factors. To do so, hydrological simulations of several scenarios representative of reservoir and hydrographic basins configurations were performed. As a result, the impact of each parameter on flood damping was determined. A graphical method was proposed in which all the morphological parameters of the basin and the reservoir were aggregated into a single dimensionless parameter -the Reservoir Damping Index (Φ). With the value of Φ calculated, it is possible to estimate the damping capacity of the reservoir. This method can be used for the design of new reservoirs or for the verification of reservoir spillways already constructed with other methodologies.

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“…Surface runoff generation can occur at multiple scales, ranging from small pools of excess water that propagate downhill to stream networks that drain large catchments (Horton, 1939;Betson, 1964;Hewlett and Hibbert, 1967;Dunne and Black, 1970;Goodrich et al, 1994;Van de Giesen et al, 2000;Stomph et al, 2001Stomph et al, , 2002aMcDonnell, 2003;Descroix et al, 2007;Blume et al, 2008;McGuire and McDonnell, 2010;Ali et al, 2013;Jones et al, 2013;Radatz et al, 2013;Steenhuis et al, 2013;Blair et al, 2014;Stewart et al, 2014). Runoff is a primary cause of erosion and can drive nutrient losses from watersheds (Aksoy and Kavvas, 2005;Butler et al, 2008;Nearing et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new instrument to measure plot-scale runoff

Stewart

Liu

Rupp

et al. 2015

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Accurate measurement of the amount and timing of surface runoff at multiple scales is needed to understand fundamental hydrological processes. At the plot scale (i.e., length scales on the order of 1-10 m) current methods for direct measurement of runoff either store the water in a collection vessel, which is not conducive to long-term monitoring studies, or utilize expensive installations such as largescale tipping buckets or flume/weir systems. We developed an alternative low-cost, robust and reliable instrument to measure runoff that we call the "Upwelling Bernoulli Tube" (UBeTube). The UBeTube instrument is a pipe with a slot machined in its side that is installed vertically at the base of a runoff collection system. The flow rate through the slot is inferred by measuring the water height within the pipe. The geometry of the slot can be modified to suit the range of flow rates expected for a given site; we demonstrate a slot geometry that is capable of measuring flow rates across more than 3 orders of magnitude (up to 300 L min −1 ) while requiring only 30 cm of hydraulic head. System accuracy is dependent on both the geometry of the slot and the accuracy of the water level measurements. Using a pressure sensor with ±7 mm accuracy, the mean theoretical error for the demonstrated slot geometry was ∼ 17 % (ranging from errors of more than 50 % at low flow rates to less than 2 % at high flow rates), while the observed error during validation was 1-25 %. A simple correction factor reduced this mean error to 0-14 %, and further reductions in error could be achieved through the use of taller, narrower slot dimensions (which requires greater head gradients to drive flow) or through more accurate water level measurements. The UBeTube device has been successfully employed in a long-term rainfall-runoff study, demonstrating the ability of the instrument to measure surface runoff across a range of flows and conditions.

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Quantifying and simulating stormwater runoff in watersheds

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Exploring impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff

Exploring impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff

Flood damping by reservoirs: proposition of a graphical parametric method

A new instrument to measure plot-scale runoff

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