Quantifying the effectiveness of ITS in improving safety of VRUs

Silla, Anne; Rämä, Pirkko; Leden, Lars; Noort, Martijn van; Kruijff, Janiek de; Bell, Daniel; Morris, Andrew P.; Hancox, Graham; Scholliers, Johan

doi:10.1049/iet-its.2016.0024

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The effectiveness of crash avoidance technology was taken from published studies benchmarked by statistical evaluations of real-world data (Scully and Newstead 2010, Cicchino 2017a, Cicchino 2017b, Keall, Fildes et al 2017, Sternlund, Strandroth et al 2017, Strandroth, Lie et al 2017, Cicchino 2018a, Cicchino 2018b, Cicchino 2019, Newstead, Budd et al 2020 . Where real-world crash analyses were unavailable, meta-analysis, or studies using simulations, combined with in-depth crash data analyses were used (Jermakian 2011, Kusano and Gabler 2014, Doecke, Grant et al 2015, NHTSA 2016, Sander 2017, Scanlon, Sherony et al 2017, Silla, Rämä et al 2017, Toshiyuki and Yukou 2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet

Budd

Newstead

2021

JRS

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Formulating priorities for future road safety strategies requires supporting analysis to predict what the future crash population will look like and to assess how the countermeasures either already in place or planned will address the crash problems forecast. This analysis aimed to identify future priority action areas for light vehicle safety by identifying crash types that will not be fully addressed in the future by projected improvements in active and passive safety in the Australian light vehicle fleet. The future crash profile was modelled from 2017 to 2030 using crash data from 5 Australian jurisdictions overlayed with available evidence on vehicle safety feature fitment and effectiveness. The methodology can be applied to larger sets of safety technologies when sufficient evidence and supporting crash data become available. Three future vehicle safety priority areas were identified from the analysis: (i) fatal pedestrian crashes, (ii) single vehicle frontal crashes with objects, and (iii) front-to-front vehicle crashes both at intersections and midblocks, and front-to-side impacts at intersections including straight crossing path and right turn across path crash types. These crash types were projected to be the largest contributors to fatalities by 2030. Projections showed that remaining crash types in 2030 will be poorly addressed by current vehicle safety technologies such as autonomous emergency braking, lane departure warning and electronic stability control. Future vehicle safety policy priorities should address these crash types through the development of additional or enhanced vehicle safety technologies and where vehicle safety technology proves inadequate other countermeasures such as road infrastructure treatments and appropriate speed limit setting for high risk environments that address the key crash types remaining in the system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet

Budd

Newstead

2021

JRS

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“…An overview of the results for the 10 ITS has been provided by Silla et al [22]. This paper provides a more detailed assessment results regarding the three PTW related ITS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimation of effects by mechanism (mechanisms 1-5, 9) Here, the safety mechanism effects were described as % increase/decrease of relevant accidents from the baseline. An iterative approach was used for estimation of the effects, especially those for which no literature was found, by cross-checking and validating them among experts both within the study and from outside it [22].…”

Section: Description Of Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A headway to improve PTW rider safety within the EU through three types of ITS

Silla

Leden

Rämä

et al. 2018

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Introduction: The current safety situation for Powered Two Wheelers (PTW) within the EU is alarming. According to EU statistics, PTW riders account for 17% of all fatal road injuries in the region and twice as many fatalities per hundred thousand registered vehicles compared with occupants of cars. In recent years, too little attention has been given to Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), including PTW users, in the development of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Therefore, ITS should be developed that consider PTW riders an integral part of traffic; we focus on three systems that we believe have the potential to improve safety among PTW riders, namely Intersection Safety (INS), the Powered Two Wheeler oncoming vehicle information system (PTW2V), and the Vulnerable road user Beacon System (VBS). The present study aims to estimate quantitatively the safety impacts of the selected ITS for PTW riders in the EU-28, once the systems are fully adopted and meet selected future scenarios for 2020 and 2030. Method: An ex-ante method suggested by Kulmala (Accident Analysis and Prevention 42:1359-1369, 2010) was further developed and applied to assess the safety impacts of ITS specifically designed for VRUs. As suggested by the method, the analysis started by determining the impact mechanisms through which the selected ITS systems affect the safety of PTW riders. Results: According to the main results, all the systems we studied have a positive impact on PTW rider safety by preventing fatalities and injuries. The greatest effects, based on 2012 accident data and full penetration, could be attained by implementing PTW2V (283 fewer yearly fatalities) and INS (261 fewer yearly fatalities). The weakest effect was found with VBS (216 fewer yearly fatalities). Forecasts for 2030, also based on estimated accident trends and penetration rates, confirm an expected edge for INS and PTW2V in terms of safety.

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“…Despite the benefits that C-ITS brings to traffic safety, existing systems still fail to include all possible road users as active participants in the communication processes [ 8 ]. One relevant group that has not been fully considered is that of vulnerable road users (VRU), which includes a broad range of road users, such as pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and powered two-wheelers (PTWs) [ 6 , 9 , 10 ]. Road accidents are particularly harmful to this group of users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users

Lara

Yáñez

Céspedes

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In the face of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS) advancements, the inclusion of vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, has just recently become a part of the discussion. Including VRU in C-ITS presents new challenges, most notably the trade-off between the increase in VRU safety and the aggravation in channel congestion resulting from VRU-generated messages. However, previous studies mainly focus on network-related metrics without giving much consideration to VRU safety-related metrics. In this context, we evaluated such a trade-off with a study of motion-based message generation rules for VRU transmissions. The rules were analyzed using theoretical and simulation-based evaluations. In addition to studying the message generation rules using channel load metrics, such as channel busy ratio (CBR) and packet delivery ratio (PDR), we introduced a new metric: the VRU Awareness Probability (VAP). VAP uses the exchange of messages from active VRU to measure the probability of VRU detection by nearby vehicles. Results show that fixed message-filtering mechanisms reduce the overall channel load, but they could negatively impact VRU detection. We established the importance of quantifying the VRU awareness and its inclusion in C-ITS analysis because of its direct impact on VRU safety. We also discussed approaches that include VRU context and dynamism to improve the definition of message generation rules.

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Quantifying the effectiveness of ITS in improving safety of VRUs

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet

Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet

A headway to improve PTW rider safety within the EU through three types of ITS

Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users

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