Quantitation of mononitrotoluenes in aquatic environment using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Sobhi, Hamid Reza; Kashtiaray, Amir; Farahani, Hadi; Javaheri, Majid

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.161

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Conversely, superfluous dispersion solvent can augment the solubility of NBs and NCBs in water, leading to a decrease in ERs. These results are similar to those reported by Sobhi et al 16 Taking the ERs and PFs into account, 500.0mL ACN was selected as the optimum volume of dispersion solvent.…”

Section: Effect Of the Dispersion Solvent Volumesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A series of experiments was carried out, using mixtures of extraction solvents and dispersion solvents at different ratios and volumes, to achieve a sedimented phase of approximately 10.0 AE 0.5 mL, and then the corresponding ERs and PFs were calculated. 12,16 When less than 90.0 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 was used as the extraction solvent, almost no two-phase systems were observed regardless of the dispersion solvent that it was combined with. This observation is was similar to that reported in previous studies.…”

Section: Selection Of Extraction and Dispersion Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon agrees with the results of previously conducted studies. 12,16,20,26,27 Based on these findings, 40.0 mL of CHCl 3 was selected as the optimal volume for the following studies.…”

Section: Effect Of Extraction Solvent Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values were lower than those reported in previously conducted studies. 15,16,29 Good linearity was found at a range of 0.5-500.0 mg L À1 (0.5, 10.0, 25.0, 100.0, and 500.0 mg L À1 ), exhibiting correlation coefficients (R 2 ) ranging from 0.9915 to 1.0000 depending on the compounds investigated. The results also indicated that the average PFs of the replicate spiked samples …”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…13,14 In 2009, Ebrahimzadeh et al 15 successfully used DLLME to study NB, NTs and DNTs in water samples and achieved acceptable preconcentration factors (PFs) using carbon tetrachloride as the extraction solvent and methanol as the dispersion solvent. Sobhi et al 16 also established a DLLME method to detect three mononitrotoluenes (2-NT, 3-NT and 4-NT) at trace levels in water samples and also achieved satisfactory PFs using chlorobenzene as the extraction solvent and acetonitrile as the dispersion solvent. However, to the best of our knowledge, little effort has been made to establish a rapid method for the simultaneous detection of these nitrobenzenes and nitrochlorobenzenes in water samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of nitrobenzenes and nitrochlorobenzenes in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2011

Anal. Methods

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A rapid and sensitive method was developed for the determination of eight nitrobenzenes and four nitrochlorobenzenes in water. The method is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The key factors influencing the extraction efficiencies, including the nature and volume of the extraction and dispersion solvent and the ratios of the extraction solvent and dispersion solvent were examined and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the method yields a linear correlation at a concentration range of 0.5 mg L À1 -500.0 mg L À1 for all the target analytes with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.9915 to 1.0000, and relative standard deviations (RSD, n ¼ 6) of between 4.9% and 8.2%, depending on the compound analysed. In addition, good pre-concentration factors of 243 to 525 for each specific compound were achieved. These results suggest that the method presented herein is a rapid and powerful microextraction technique that is useful for the detection of these organic pollutants in water samples and is suitable for emergency monitoring.

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Section: Effect Of the Dispersion Solvent Volumesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Selection Of Extraction and Dispersion Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Extraction Solvent Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of nitrobenzenes and nitrochlorobenzenes in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2011

Anal. Methods

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Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

Cruz-Vera

2010

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a new microextraction technique with a high potential in sample pretreatment. This article presents the state of the art and discusses the prospects of DLLME. A contextual description of sample pretreatment techniques ranging from liquid–liquid extraction to microextraction is provided for the readers to gain a better understanding of the topic. General and specific concepts of the fundamental theory of DLLME that are required to understand and implement the technique are described, and examples of recent innovations and applications are provided to illustrate its potential for the determination of a wide range of compounds in various types of matrices. Finally, its combined use with other pretreatment approaches, and separation and detection techniques, is also discussed.

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Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Based on dimetyl (E)‐2‐[(Z)‐1‐acetyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propenyl]‐2‐butenedioate for Determination of Total Amount of Iron in Water and Tea Samples

Khayatian

Hassanpoor

2012

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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An ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) is successfully used for extraction and determination of trace amount of iron in water and tea samples, followed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). In this approach, a new synthetic ligand dimetyl (E)-2-[(Z)-1-acetyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propenyl]-2-butenedioate (DAHPB) is used as chelating agent and chloroform is selected as an extraction solvent. The factors influencing the complex formation and extraction by USAEME method are optimized. These factors are extraction solvent type as well as extraction volume, time, temperature, pH, and the amount of chelating agent. Under optimum conditions, an enrichment factor of 202.9 is obtained from only 7.1 mL of aqueous phase. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for iron is linear between 40.0 and 800.0 mg L -1 with a detection limit of 7.4 mg L -1 . The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) for ten replicate measurements of 500.0 mg L -1 of iron is 2.5%. Article Khayatian and Hassanpoor Scheme IDimetyl (E)-2-[(Z)-1-acetyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propenyl]-2-butenedioate (DAHPB)

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Quantitation of mononitrotoluenes in aquatic environment using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Determination of nitrobenzenes and nitrochlorobenzenes in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Determination of nitrobenzenes and nitrochlorobenzenes in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Based on dimetyl (E)‐2‐[(Z)‐1‐acetyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propenyl]‐2‐butenedioate for Determination of Total Amount of Iron in Water and Tea Samples

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