Quantitation of Viruses by the Plaque Technique

Berg, Gerald; Harris, Eugene K.; Chang, Shih L.; Busch, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1128/jb.85.3.691-700.1963

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The plaque assay procedure of Dulbecco and Vogt (11), as modified by Hsiung and Melnick (18), was used throughout the study. Plaques were permanently marked and counted daily as described by Berg et al (4). Cell-monolayer bottles exhibiting the greatest number of plaques short of overcrowding were recorded and used for computations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Devitalization of Eight Selected Enteric Viruses in Estuarine Water 1

Hill

Hamblet

Benton

et al. 1970

Applied Microbiology

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The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the devitalization of eight selected enteric viruses suspended in estuarine water was determined. The surviving fractions of each virus were calculated and then plotted against the UV exposure time for purposes of comparison. Analytical assessment of the survival data for each virus consisted of least squares regression analysis for determination of intercepts and slope functions. All data were examined for statistical significance. When the slope function of each virus was compared against the slope function of poliovirus type 1, the analytical findings indicated that poliovirus types 2 and 3, echovirus types 1 and 11, and coxsackievirus A-9 exhibited similar devitalization characteristics in that no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Conversely, the devitalization characteristics of coxsackievirus B-1 and reovirus type 1 were dissimilar from those of poliovirus type 1 in that a statistically significant difference was found between the slope functions (P < 0.05). This observed difference in devitalization of coxsackievirus B-1 and reovirus type 1 was attributed primarily to the frequency distribution of single and aggregate virions, the geometric configuration, the size of the aggregates, and the severity of aggregation. The devitalization curve of coxsackievirus B-I was characteristic of a retardant die-away curve. The devitalization curve of reovirus type 1 was characteristic of a multihittype curve. The calculated devitalization half-life values for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3; echovirus types 1 and 11; coxsackievirus types A-9 and B-1; and reovirus type 1 were 2.8, 3.1, 2.7, 2.8, 3.2, 3.1, 4.0, 4.0 sec, respectively. These basic data should facilitate an operative extrapolation of the findings to the applied situation. It was concluded that UV can be highly effective and provide a reliable safety factor in treating estuarine water.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Devitalization of Eight Selected Enteric Viruses in Estuarine Water 1

Hill

Hamblet

Benton

et al. 1970

Applied Microbiology

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“…Here it should be noted that, in the few previous studies in which counting data have been examined carefully for the presence of the overlap bias (Cooper, 1961, Berg, Harris & Chang, 1963, and Higgins, 1965and Larsen & Reinicke, 1965, for vaccinia virus), it has invariably been found. In the present study it has been effectively measured for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Overlap and the errors of plaque counting: I. The overlap biases of observed counts and their correction

Howes

1969

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe number of plaque-forming units is underestimated if plaques overlap. A simple model was developed to account for this bias, and tested by an extensive experimental analysis. It is shown that models of this type are inadequate, but can be modified to give objective methods for setting limits to the acceptable counting range, and for correcting the overlap bias of observed counts which fall within this range.Where overlapping of plaques is a significant source of error, these methods will improve the efficiency of plaque assays and will render the statistical analysis of counting data more reliable.

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“…The plaque assay procedure of Dulbecco and Vogt (3), as modified by Hsiung and Melnick (7), was used throughout the study. Plaques were permanently marked and counted daily as described by Berg et al (2). Cell monolayer bottles exhibiting the greatest number of plaques short of overcrowding were recorded and used for computations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Poliovirus in Flowing Turbid Seawater Treated with Ultraviolet Light

Hill¹,

Hamblet²,

Akin³

1967

Applied Microbiology

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The effectiveness of a model ultraviolet (UV) radiation unit for treating flowing turbid seawater contaminated with poliovirus was determined. At a turbidity of 70 ppm, the observed survival ratios ranged from 1.9 X 10-(99.81% reduction) to 1.5 X 10-(99.98% reduction) at flow rates ranging from 25 to 15 liters/min; no virus was recovered at flow rates of 10 and 5 liters/min. At a turbidity of 240 ppm, the observed survival ratios ranged from 3.2 X 10 (96.80% reduction) to 2.1 X 104 (99.98% reduction) at flow rates ranging from 25 to 5 liters/min. As expected, turbidity had an adverse influence on the effectiveness of UV radiation; however, by adjusting the flow rate of the seawater through the treatment unit, adequate disinfection was shown to be predictable.

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Quantitation of Viruses by the Plaque Technique

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Ultraviolet Devitalization of Eight Selected Enteric Viruses in Estuarine Water 1

Ultraviolet Devitalization of Eight Selected Enteric Viruses in Estuarine Water 1

Overlap and the errors of plaque counting: I. The overlap biases of observed counts and their correction

Survival of Poliovirus in Flowing Turbid Seawater Treated with Ultraviolet Light

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