Quantitative analysis of lateral force microscopy experiments

Schwarz, Udo D.; Köster, Peter; Wiesendanger, R.

doi:10.1063/1.1147214

Cited by 159 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The feedback gains were kept low during the scans to avoid feedback-induced oscillations of the cantilever. 65 The de ection setpoint was ramped up (i.e. increasing the load) to a maximum value of typically 3 V, and then down (i.e.…”

Section: Friction Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces: Stick–Slip Amplitude Coefficient

et al. 2013

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Understanding the frictional properties of nanostructured surfaces is important due to their increasing application in modern miniaturised devices. In this work, lateral force microscopy was used to study the frictional properties between an AFM nanotip and surfaces bearing well-de ned nanodomes comprising densely packed prolate spheroids, of diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometres. Our results show that the average lateral force varied linearly with applied load, as described by Amontons' rst law of friction, although no direct correlation between the sample topographic * To whom correspondence should be addressed † 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 properties and their measured friction coe cients was identi ed. Furthermore, all the nanodomed textures exhibited pronounced oscillations in the shear traces, similar to the classic stick-slip behaviour, under all the shear velocities and load regimes studied. School of Chemistry, University of BristolThat is, the nanotextured topography led to sustained frictional instabilities, e ectively with no contact frictional sliding. The amplitude of the stick-slip oscillations, σ f , was found to correlate with the topographic properties of the surfaces, and scale linearly with the applied load. In line with the friction coe cient, we de ne the slope of this linear plot as the stick-slip amplitude coe cient (SSAC ). We suggest that such stick-slip behaviours are characteristics of surfaces with nanotextures, and that such local frictional instabilities have important implications to surface damage and wear.We thus propose that the shear characteristics of the nanodomed surfaces can not be fully described by the framework of Amontons' laws of friction, and that additional parameters (e.g. σ f and SSAC) are required, when their friction, lubrication and wear properties are important considerations in related nanodevices.

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Section: Friction Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces: Stick–Slip Amplitude Coefficient

et al. 2013

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“…The difference in voltage is proportional to the slope of the cantilever (according to the law of reflection) at the point (x=L cant ) where the beam is reflected as follows 26 ,…”

Section: Theoretical Background a Coupling Of Normal And Friction Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of normal and friction forces using a cantilever-based optical interfacial force microscope

Kim

Bonander

Rasmussen

2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We measured normal and friction forces simultaneously using a recently developed cantilever-based optical interfacial force microscope technique for studies of interfacial structures and mechanical properties of nanoscale materials. We derived how the forces can be incorporated into the detection signal using the classical Euler equation for beams. A lateral modulation with the amplitude of nanometers was applied to create the friction forces between tip and sample. We demonstrated its capability by measuring normal and friction forces of interfacial water at the molecular scale over all distance ranges.

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“…Friction measurements using contact SFM were performed in lateral mode registering the friction hysteresis at different applied normal loads with sliding velocity of 300 nm/s and at different sliding velocities with an applied normal load of 60 nN. For each friction measurement the tip was scanned 300 nm in the forward and backward direction and the friction was determined by taking one half of the friction hysteresis curve [18]. To attain a high lateral force resolution, single beam Si cantilevers with a length of 440 µm were chosen instead of triangular cantilevers that are typically used for topographical measurements.…”

Section: Friction Force Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…in an oxidized (hydrophilic) state. Calibration of the normal and lateral forces was achieved by following the procedure developed by Schwarz et al [18], which consists of using the geometrical dimensions of the tip and determining the magnitude of tip deflection as a function of the applied load. Figure 1 shows the friction force measured as a function of the residual gas pressure from air down to 10 −8 mbar.…”

Section: Friction Force Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofriction Mechanisms Derived from the Dependence of Friction on Load and Sliding Velocity from Air to UHV on Hydrophilic Silicon

et al. 2005

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Abstract. This paper examines friction as a function of the sliding velocity and applied normal load from air to UHV in a scanning force microscope (SFM) experiment in which a sharp silicon tip slides against a flat Si(100) sample. Under ambient conditions, both surfaces are covered by a native oxide, which is hydrophilic. During pump-down in the vacuum chamber housing the SFM, the behavior of friction as a function of the applied normal load and the sliding velocity undergoes a change. By analyzing these changes it is possible to identify three distinct friction regimes with corresponding contact properties: (a) friction dominated by the additional normal forces induced by capillarity due to the presence of thick water films, (b) higher drag force from ordering effects present in thin water layers and (c) low friction due to direct solid-solid contact for the sample with the counterbody. Depending on environmental conditions and the applied normal load, all three mechanisms may be present at one time. Their individual contributions can be identified by investigating the dependence of friction on the applied normal load as well as on the sliding velocity in different pressure regimes, thus providing information about nanoscale friction mechanisms.

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Quantitative analysis of lateral force microscopy experiments

Cited by 159 publications

References 25 publications

Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces: Stick–Slip Amplitude Coefficient

Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces: Stick–Slip Amplitude Coefficient

Simultaneous measurement of normal and friction forces using a cantilever-based optical interfacial force microscope

Nanofriction Mechanisms Derived from the Dependence of Friction on Load and Sliding Velocity from Air to UHV on Hydrophilic Silicon

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