Quantitative Analysis of Mg, Na, Cl, Al, and Ca in Human Dental Calculus by Neutron Activation Analysis and High Resolution Gamma-Spectrometry

Retief, D.H.; Cleaton‐Jones, Peter; Turkstra, J.; Smit, Hans; Pretorius, P. J.

doi:10.1177/00220345720510031901

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As shown in previous studies Ca, O, P, and C constitute the main elements in enamel (Nelson et al, 2002; Lou et al, 2008). Analyses of enamel using neutron activation and with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy show values comparable with those found in this study (Retief et al, 1970, 1971; Gotierrez-Salazar & Reyes-Gasga, 2003). Measured values of different elements may vary considerably, not only between different teeth but also between different morphological locations within the tooth, where especially the enamel closest to the surface is heterogeneous (Weatherell et al, 1974; Sabel et al, 2009 a ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

XRMA and ToF-SIMS Analysis of Normal and Hypomineralized Enamel

et al. 2015

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Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental disturbance of the enamel. This study presents analyses of hypomineralized and normal enamel in first molar teeth diagnosed with MIH, utilizing time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry area analyses and X-ray microanalysis of area and spot profiles in uncoated samples between gold lines which provide electrical conductivity. Statistical analysis of mean values allows discrimination of normal from MIH enamel, which has higher Mg and lower Na and P. Inductive analysis using complete data sets for profiles from the enamel surface to the enamel-dentin junction found that Mg, Cl and position in the profile provide useful discrimination criteria. Element profiles provide a visual complement to the inductive analysis and several elements also provide insight into the development of both normal and MIH enamel. The higher Mg content and different Cl profiles of hypomineralized enamel compared with normal enamel are probably related to a relatively short period during the development of ameloblasts between birth and the 1st year of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

XRMA and ToF-SIMS Analysis of Normal and Hypomineralized Enamel

et al. 2015

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“…Quantitative studies of the elemental composition of dental enamel are scarce and commonly the measurements are regarded as semi-quantitative or presented as ratios to the Ca content (Retief et al, 1970, 1971; Shaw & Yen, 1972). Analyses of human enamel using our method and by neutron activation and EDS (Retief et al, 1970, 1971; De Menezes Oliveira et al, 2010) shown in Table 2 show values comparable with the bovine enamel results of this study. Other studies of human enamel by X-ray EDS show large deviations from our results and do not describe their methods or discuss their accuracy in any detail (Gotierrez-Salazar & Reyes-Gasga, 2003; Mahoney et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of X-Ray Microanalysis for Characterization of Dental Enamel

et al. 2014

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Elemental analysis of dental hard tissues is of importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) of bovine enamel in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with different coatings. The buccal surface of bovine incisors was polished flat, one-third was coated with carbon, one-third with gold, leaving one-third uncoated for XRMA in an SEM equipped with an energy-dispersive microanalysis system. The elements oxygen, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous, chlorine, potassium, and calcium were analyzed using their respective characteristic K X-ray series. Comparisons were made with analyses of glass produced by fusion of the bovine enamel, showing that oxygen analyses using the K X-ray series are reliable and preferable to calculating oxygen by stoichiometry for natural enamel. For the gold-coated and uncoated analyses, carbon was also measured using the K X-ray series. Small area Analyses in small areas (80 × 80 μm) in variable pressure-SEM mode with low vacuum (20 Pa), without any coating, midway between 40 μm wide gold lines 140 μm apart to avoid build-up of electrostatic charge is the preferred method, especially if carbon is included in the analysis. The analyses of bovine enamel are sufficiently reproducible to be regarded as quantitative for all elements except carbon.

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“…It is generally accepted that Al is a normal constituent of first and adult teeth (457, 458) which fluctuates in the various anatomical portions of the tooth with age (459, 460). Discolored areas of sound teeth have been observed to contain markedly elevated concentrations of both Al and F. Human dental calculus has also been shown to contain high concentrations of Al (461) which have been shown to inhibit alkaline phosphatase (462) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (463) from human dental plaque. Studies of caries-free, carious, and impacted human teeth have demonstrated that the caries-free teeth Environmental Health Perspectives contain more or less Al than diseased teeth, depending upon the anatomical part studied and the stage of the disease (464)(465)(466).…”

Section: August 1974mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health

Sorenson¹,

Campbell²,

Tepper³

et al. 1974

Environ Health Perspect

214

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The review of over 800 references on aluminum (Al) published since the mid-fifties covers the occurrence of Al in soil, air, water, plants and food products, as well as air and water pollution problems. In addition, the existing quality criteria, the biology and toxicology of Al, and the therapeutic and medical uses are presented. It is concluded that absorption and retention or accumulation of Al in humans occurs at lower levels of intake than had been assumed formerly. However, levels of 5 to 50 times the normal daily intake do not appear to interfere with other metabolic processes. The adverse effects of Al reported in the more recent years resulted from the inhalation or ingestion of Al in concentrations many times greater than the amounts present under normal circumstances. As in the past, there is still no need for concern by the public or producers of Al or its products concerning hazards to human health derived from well established and extensively used products.

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Quantitative Analysis of Mg, Na, Cl, Al, and Ca in Human Dental Calculus by Neutron Activation Analysis and High Resolution Gamma-Spectrometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

XRMA and ToF-SIMS Analysis of Normal and Hypomineralized Enamel

XRMA and ToF-SIMS Analysis of Normal and Hypomineralized Enamel

Evaluation of X-Ray Microanalysis for Characterization of Dental Enamel

Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health

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