2017
DOI: 10.4001/003.025.0175
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Quantitative Changes of the Carboxylesterase Associated with Pyrethroid Susceptibility inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Cited by 13 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Such large losses are due to the fact that in humid tropics it can occur about 8 generations per year, and in India even 12 generations per year [ 19 ]. Additionally, S. litura is one of the 10 most resistant arthropods in the world with 638 reported cases of resistance to 39 active substances, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and some newer chemical insecticides, such as indoxacarb, abamectin, emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole [ 20 , 21 ]. Insect resistance to commonly used insecticides mainly involves three mechanisms such as reduced penetration, increased detoxification and target site insensitivity due to point mutations [ 22 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such large losses are due to the fact that in humid tropics it can occur about 8 generations per year, and in India even 12 generations per year [ 19 ]. Additionally, S. litura is one of the 10 most resistant arthropods in the world with 638 reported cases of resistance to 39 active substances, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and some newer chemical insecticides, such as indoxacarb, abamectin, emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole [ 20 , 21 ]. Insect resistance to commonly used insecticides mainly involves three mechanisms such as reduced penetration, increased detoxification and target site insensitivity due to point mutations [ 22 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The indiscriminate use of these compounds in the region is the cause for the development of resistance. Karuppaiah et al (2017) revealed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 1-4 ppm (LC 50 ) and emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 1-3ppm (LC 50 ) was found highly effective. Chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic insecticide against jute hairy caterpillar too (Selvaraj et al, 2015).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Zhou et al [44] showed that extracts from Illicium verum fruit induced EST activity in Myzus persicae and Lymantria dispar after they were fed on a diet of aspen leaves supplemented with phenolic glycosides. Yonggyun et al [40] and Karuppaiah et al [18] described insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura by overexpression of detoxification enzymes. Similarly, in other insect species, Oedaleus asiaticus [13], Amsacta albistriga [26] and Musca domestica [43], cytochrome P450, CE and GST were reported to play roles in the development of chemical pesticides resistance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The previous studies found that one of the important mechanisms for insecticide resistance is by the increasing of detoxification enzymes activities, including carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) [13,18,40]. Many reports showed mosquitoes using detoxification enzymes and become resistant to many synthetic pesticides [21,24,25].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%