Quantitative determination of neuroactive substances in the CNS of the spider Cupiennius salei keys

The γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has long been considered as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of both vertebrates and arthropods. Since the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has a restricted tissue distribution and catalyzes the conversion of L‐glutamate to GABA, immunoreactivity of GAD isoforms can reveal distribution of GABAergic neurons in the CNS. In the CNS of the spider Araneus cavaticus, immunoreactivity of GAD isoforms can be detected in the optic lobes including neurons and neuropiles of the supraesophageal ganglia. Strong GAD‐like immunoreactive cell bodies are concentrated in two bilaterally symmetric cell clusters of the protocerebrum. Some intrinsic cell bodies near the central body also show strong immunoreactivity. However, the intrinsic nerve masses and some of the longitudinal and transverse tracts within the supraesophageal ganglion are only lightly labelled, and the fibers transverse the hemisphere and the central fibrous masses are not labelled. Among the three basic types of cell bodies surrounding the central body, several clusters of the Type‐C cells show strong GAD‐like immunoreactivity, however both of the Type‐A and Type‐B cells are not labelled at all.

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“…; Schmid et al . ). Among these, the GABA has long been considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS (Florey ; Usherwood ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous works have also shown that GABA has an inhibitory effect on the movement detection system of arthropods (Schmid et al . ), and the optomotor control of the fly (Strausfeld et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Isoforms in the Central Nervous System of the Barn Spider, Araneus cavaticus

Moon

Tillinghast

2012

Entomological Research

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“…From the KEGG analysis of DEGs, 24 ribosome proteins were down-regulated in the cerebral ganglion of spiders exposed to Cd. The spider cerebral gaglion releases acetylcholine, approximately 10 different amino acids and several biogenic amines as neurotransmitters (Schmid et al 1992 ). The ribosomal proteins levels decrease in spider exposed to environmental stress, such as high temperatures (Xiao et al 2016 ), indicating which contributed to protein biosynthesis compensates upon stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of the molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in cerebral ganglia of wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae)

et al. 2018

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Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can cause irreversible toxicity to animals, and is an environmental pollutant in farmlands. Spiders are considered to be an excellent model for investigating the impacts of heavy metals on the environment. To date, the changes at the molecular level in the cerebral ganglia of spiders are poorly understood. Cd exposure leads to strong damage in the nervous system, such as apoptosis and necrosis of nerve cells, therefore we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of Pardosa pseudoannulata cerebral ganglia under Cd stress to profile differential gene expression (DGE). We obtained a total of 123,328 assembled unigenes, and 1441 Cd stress-associated DEGs between the Cd-treated and control groups. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that many genes involved in calcium signaling, cGMP—PKG signaling, tyrosine metabolism, phototransduction–fly, melanogenesis and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis were up-regulated under Cd stress, whereas oxidative phosphorylation-related, nervous disease-associated, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated, and ribosomal-associated genes were down-regulated. Here, we provide a comprehensive set of DEGs influenced by Cd stress, and heavy metal stress, and provide new information for elucidating the neurotoxic mechanisms of Cd stress in spiders.

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“…[5,13,[46][47][48][49], urea [51] or sodium sulfite [52] to Usually, HPLC methods developed for amino acid form a substituted isoindole ring. The derivative not analysis could be applied to the determination of only has a strong absorbance at 260 and 340 nm but taurine without any modification [9,15,19,24,25, also a strong fluorescence at 475 nm, which was at 30, 31,33,[42][43][44]. The main disadvantage of these least 20 times more sensitive than ninhydrin [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance liquid chromatography deproteinization reagent for many biological sam-(HPLC) ples, such as the homogenate of human heart muscle Before 1990, taurine determinations had been biopsies [10], plasma [32], tissues [20,22,33], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation methods for taurine analysis in biological samples

Mou

Ding

Liu

2002

Journal of Chromatography B

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Taurine plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions, pharmacological actions and pathological conditions. Many methods for taurine analysis, therefore, have been reported to monitor its levels in biological samples. This review discusses the following techniques: sample preparation; separation and determination methods including highperformance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, ion chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and hyphenation procedures. It covers articles published between 1990 and 2001. 

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Quantitative determination of neuroactive substances in the CNS of the spider Cupiennius salei keys

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Immunoreactivity of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Isoforms in the Central Nervous System of the Barn Spider, Araneus cavaticus

Immunoreactivity of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Isoforms in the Central Nervous System of the Barn Spider, Araneus cavaticus

Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of the molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in cerebral ganglia of wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Separation methods for taurine analysis in biological samples

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