Quantitative Determination of p-Cymene, Thymol, Neryl Acetate, and β-Caryophyllene in Different Growth Periods and Parts of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. by GC-MS/MS

Abstract

Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine in China. In this study, a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine the contents of p-cymene, thymol, neryl acetate, and β-caryophyllene in roots, stems, and leaves of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. harvested at different growth periods. All four constituents could be detected in leaves, three could be detected in stems except β-caryophyllene, and only thymol could be detected in roots. The order of the total contents of four constituents in different parts was leaves > stems > roots. It indicated that the leaves could be the proper medicinal parts of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. The content of four constituents in leaves varied a lot among different growth periods and showed an M-shaped change trend with the growth of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. The four constituents accumulated to the highest values in early July followed by mid-September. Accordingly, the best harvest time of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. is early July and mid-September.

Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Four Commercial Beverages Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: A Qualitative Approach

“…It is a constituent of many essential oils, including cumin and thyme. GC-MS/MS quantitatively detected p-cymene in different parts of Eupatorium fortune [15]. Although p-cymene is the only natural geometric isomer, several methods have been scientifically published for preparing these isomers: 1) dehydrogenation of limonene produces p-cymene; dehydrogenation of 3-carene produces a mixture of p-and m-cymene [41].…”

“…Depending on the chemical structure, the compounds used as flavors in drinks are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from different classes, such as: esters [10], terpenes/terpenoids [11], alkenes [12], ketones [12], fatty acids [13], aldehydes [12], alcohols [14], aromatic compounds [15], etc. Esters are responsible for the fruity aroma of drinks and foods [10].…”

A Mini Review: The Application of Eupatorium Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients

“…A few sesquiterpenoids detached from the class Eupatorium have been displayed to have different degrees of anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antifungal, insecticidal, and antibacterial effects [16,59]. Different examinations have found items in numerous biochemical compounds in plants, which fluctuate over time; the compound yields are regularly high throughout the summer (July or August) [46,60,61]. A summary of the biochemical compounds from Eupatorium species is presented in Table 1.…”

“…It has been applied to treat vomiting, queasiness, and hunger caused by clamminess. Previous research has revealed that the plant contains various bioactive agents [43][44][45][46]. In the region of Japan, E. glehni is found all throughout the Hokkaido, Honshu, and Shikoku Islands, particularly in the mountain, typically in the range of 1000 and 1800 m above sea level [47].…”

Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach

“…Various "high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)" approaches have also been utilized for determining thymol either alone or in combination with other phenolic pharmaceuticals in Unani polyherbal formulations, essential oils, and plant extracts [26][27][28][29]. For the determination of thymol in essential oils, dosage forms, and plant extracts, various "gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS)" technique was used [30][31][32][33]. The determination of thymol in conjunction with eucalyptol, camphor, and menthol in Greek thyme honey was done using a GC-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method [34].…”