Quantitative geometric analysis of rib, costal cartilage and sternum from childhood to teenagehood

Abstract

is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. CT-scans of 48 children, aged four months to 15 years. The geometry of the sternum was detailed 40 and nine parameters were used to describe the ribs and rib cages. A "costal index" was defined as 41 the ratio between cartilage length and whole rib length to evaluate the cartilage ratio for each rib 42 level. For all children, the costal index decreased from rib level one to three and increased from 43 level three to seven. For all levels, the cartilage accounted for 45 to 60% of the rib length, and was 44 longer for the first years of life. The mean costal index decreased by 21% for subjects over three 45 years old compared to those under three (p<10 -4 ). The volume of the sternebrae was found to be 46 highly age dependent. Such data could be useful to define the standard geometry of the paediatric 47 thorax and help to detect clinical abnormalities. 48

Morphometric analysis of variation in the sternum with sex and age

“…The shape of the manubrium expanded laterally from birth through age 30, and became wider in relation to the sternal body. The lateral‐most aspects of the manubrium also expanded superiorly with age, causing the manubrium to transform from a circular shape in infancy to an oval shape in early childhood, which matches observations in Figure and in the literature (Ogden et al, ; Sandoz et al, ). The distal sternal body also became wider in relation to the proximal sternal body from birth through age 30 and retained this characteristic in adulthood, which is supported by observations of normal sternal anatomy (Stark and Jaramillo, ; Yekeler et al, ).…”

“…The size and shape variation in the ossified sternum was characterized from high‐resolution homologous landmark data for males and females and the GPA was used to produce age‐related functions of sternum morphology. The sternal landmark functions provide a comprehensive description of 3D‐sternum morphology variation with age and sex, which supplements existing data in the literature, (e.g., Ashley, ; Dwight, ; Riach, ; Ogden et al, ; Jit et al, ; Hatfield et al, ; Odita et al, ; Gayzik et al, ; Sandoz et al, ). This study improves on previous approaches by quantifying the complete 3D‐sternal geometry changes and by characterizing sternal shape variation separately from sternal size and shape variation.…”

Quantitative topographic anatomy of the femoral ACL footprint: a micro-CT analysis

“…A radiographic approach has been taken to quantitative geometric analysis of other bony structures [39], but, to date, the only significant measurements of ACL anatomy from X-ray CT data are courtesy of Purnell et al [36] who reported the mean length of the lateral intercondylar ridge ('Resident's Ridge' to use their vernacular) as 15.5 ± 1.5 mm but give no quantitative indication of its prominence and make no mention of the bifurcate ridge. Measurement accuracy is limited by the resolution of medical grade CT technology, which typically yields a slice thickness of 0.6 mm (1.2 mm in the Purnell study).…”

Patterns of Rib Growth in the Human Child

“…Other published studies using CT scans of large contemporary pediatric populations better demonstrate total normal thoracic and lung volume increase with age [19]. Sandoz et al [20] in a normative cross-section CT study showed that the costal cartilage accounted for 45% to 60% of rib length, which is a feature of thoracic volume that cannot be studied in an osteology collection. It was assumed that all of the specimens in the HT collection were normal.…”