Quantitative measurement of the stresses induced during polymerisation of bone cement

Roques, A.; Browne, Martin; Taylor, A.; New, A.M.R.; Baker, Darren A.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.11.009

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Improvements in acoustic emission (A.E) technique have permitted the monitoring in real time of the gradual damage of stressed materials (Kadar et al 2004), and in particular to spatially localize the A.E and even identify the rupture mechanisms ( Barre and Benzeggagh 1994;Beattie 1983;Hill et al 1986;Uenoya 1995;Roques et al 2004;Huguest et al 2002;Godin et al 2005). Due to microcrack arrest at defects, the failure of heterogeneous materials may develop as a multistep process through a succession of local events leading to diffuse damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical properties of microcracking in polyurethane foams under tensile test, influence of temperature and density

et al. 2006

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International audienceWe report tensile failure experiments on polyurethane (PU) foams. Experiments have been performed by imposing a constant strain rate. We work on heterogeneous materials for whom the failure does not occur suddenly and can develop as a multistep process through a succession of microcracks that end at pores. The acoustic energy and the waiting times between acoustic events follow power-law distributions. This remains true while the foam density is varied. However, experiments at low temperatures (PU foams more brittle) have not yielded power-laws for the waiting times. The cumulative acoustic energy has no power law divergence at the proximity of the failure point which is qualitatively in agreement with other experiments done at imposed strain. We notice a plateau in cumulative acoustic energy that seems to occur when a single crack starts to propagate

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical properties of microcracking in polyurethane foams under tensile test, influence of temperature and density

et al. 2006

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“…15 This pattern continued but became less frequent through to 162,000 cycles, at which time, there was evidence of lightening on the ultrasonic scan within the boxed area of Figure 6(c). This correlated to a decreased stiffness at the cement-metal interface and is attributed to the initial stages of delamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nondestructive evaluation of bone cement and bone cement/metal interface failure

2009

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To quantify the failure mechanisms related to the loosening of cemented hip joint replacements, novel techniques, capable of monitoring, nondestructively, the initiation and progression of failure during in vitro fatigue tests, were employed. Fatigue testing of model cement and cement-stem test pieces was monitored using acoustic emission (AE) sensors. Once damage was detected, an ultrasonic imaging system was used to obtain an image of the damage site and to measure the stiffness of the affected region. This method of examination provided a detailed insight into the internal crack propagation and delamination patterns. Initial work was conducted on bulk cement specimens subjected to bending and tension. The second stage of the work examined a model stem-cement interface under tensile opening loading conditions. A novel ultrasonic technique was used to measure the bond quality at the cement-metal interface. Progressive delamination was identified over time, and the AE technique was able to identify critical areas of delamination before they could be identified conclusively by ultrasonic imaging. The work has demonstrated the potential of the AE technique as a tool for the preclinical assessment of total hip replacements.

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“…Studies typically apply a generic modulus (reported to vary from 1.5 to 4.1 GPa (Lewis, 1997)) from the literature. An underlying, and often unstated, assumption is that the cement mantle is stress-free prior to loading, but experimental studies have shown that the thermal and volumetric shrinkage during the cure process results in initial stresses in the range of 1-5 MPa (Lennon and Prendergast, 2002;Li et al, 2004;Ramos et al, 2012) and possibly as high as 10 MPa (Roques et al, 2004). These are of a similar order of magnitude to the stresses generated by loading.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Initial Mechanical Environment Of The Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Four decades of finite element analysis of orthopaedic devices: Where are we now and what are the opportunities?

Taylor

Prendergast

2015

Journal of Biomechanics

146

106

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a b s t r a c tFinite element has been used for more than four decades to study and evaluate the mechanical behaviour total joint replacements. In Huiskes seminal paper "Failed innovation in total hip replacement: diagnosis and proposals for a cure", finite element modelling was one of the potential cures to avoid poorly performing designs reaching the market place. The size and sophistication of models has increased significantly since that paper and a range of techniques are available from predicting the initial mechanical environment through to advanced adaptive simulations including bone adaptation, tissue differentiation, damage accumulation and wear. However, are we any closer to FE becoming an effective screening tool for new devices? This review contains a critical analysis of currently available finite element modelling techniques including (i) development of the basic model, the application of appropriate material properties, loading and boundary conditions, (ii) describing the initial mechanical environment of the bone-implant system, (iii) capturing the time dependent behaviour in adaptive simulations, (iv) the design and implementation of computer based experiments and (v) determining suitable performance metrics.The development of the underlying tools and techniques appears to have plateaued and further advances appear to be limited either by a lack of data to populate the models or the need to better understand the fundamentals of the mechanical and biological processes. There has been progress in the design of computer based experiments. Historically, FE has been used in a similar way to in vitro tests, by running only a limited set of analyses, typically of a single bone segment or joint under idealised conditions. The power of finite element is the ability to run multiple simulations and explore the performance of a device under a variety of conditions. There has been increasing usage of design of experiments, probabilistic techniques and more recently population based modelling to account for patient and surgical variability. In order to have effective screening methods, we need to continue to develop these approaches to examine the behaviour and performance of total joint replacements and benchmark them for devices with known clinical performance.Finite element will increasingly be used in the design, development and pre-clinical testing of total joint replacements. However, simulations must include holistic, closely corroborated, multi-domain analyses which account for real world variability.

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Quantitative measurement of the stresses induced during polymerisation of bone cement

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Statistical properties of microcracking in polyurethane foams under tensile test, influence of temperature and density

Statistical properties of microcracking in polyurethane foams under tensile test, influence of temperature and density

Nondestructive evaluation of bone cement and bone cement/metal interface failure

Four decades of finite element analysis of orthopaedic devices: Where are we now and what are the opportunities?

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