Quantitative Morphology Update: Image Analysis

Nutritional recommendations have promoted the increased need to consume n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Flaxseed is the richest dietary source of n-3 fatty acids among plant sources and is widely used for its edible oil. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal use of flaxseed oil has effects on pancreas morphology in the female offspring of diabetic mothers. Female Wistar rats (n = 12) were induced into diabetes by a high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin. After confirmation of the diabetes, rats were mated, and once pregnancy was confirmed, they were allocated into three groups (n = 6): high-fat group (HG); flaxseed oil group (FOG); and control group (CG) (non-diabetic rats). At weaning, female offspring (n = 6/group) received standard chow diet. The animals were euthanized at 180 days. Pancreas was collected for histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analysis. HG showed hypertrophy of pancreatic islets (P < 0.0001), whereas FOG offspring had islets with smaller diameters compared to HG (P < 0.0001). HG offspring showed higher percentage of larger (P = 0.0061) and lower percentage of smaller islets (P = 0.0036). HG showed lower islet insulin immunodensity at 180 days (P < 0.0001), whereas FOG was similar to CG (P < 0.0001). Flaxseed oil reduced the damage caused by maternal hyperglycaemia, promoting normal pancreas histomorphometry and β-cell mass in female offspring.

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“…The islet mass was obtained by multiplying the pancreatic islet density by the pancreatic mass (Fernandes‐Santos et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus, beta‐cell mass was estimated as the product of beta‐cell immunodensity and the islet mass (Fernandes‐Santos et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal use of flaxseed oil during pregnancy and lactation prevents morphological alterations in pancreas of female offspring from rat dams with experimental diabetes

Correia-Santos

Vicente

Suzuki

et al. 2015

Int J Experimental Path

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“…Software Image Pro Plus, version 6.0.0.260 for Windows 2000/XP Professional (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA) was used for the analyses (Fernandes‐Santos et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ten digital images for each animal were analysed in a random manner and studied to assess steatosis as described by Catta-Preta et al (2011). Software Image Pro Plus, version 6.0.0.260 for Windows 2000/XP Professional (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA) was used for the analyses (Fernandes-Santos et al 2013).…”

Section: Liver Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose supplementation worsens the deleterious effects of short‐term high‐fat feeding on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in adult rats

Crescenzo

Bianco

Coppola

et al. 2014

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?In humans, 'Western-style' diet is characterized by high levels of both saturated fats and fructose. Lipid oversupply to the liver typical of high-fat diets could be exacerbated by the coexistence of high levels of fat and fructose in the diet, thus accelerating the development of metabolic deregulation. r What is the main finding and its importance?Short-term consumption of a Western diet, rich in saturated fats and fructose, is more conducive to the development of liver steatosis and deleterious to glucose homeostasis than a high-fat diet. This result points to the harmful effect of adding fructose to the usual Western, high-fat diet.The purpose of the present study was to examine the short-term effect of high-fat or high-fat-high-fructose feeding on hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in adult sedentary rats. Adult male rats were fed a high-fat or high-fat-high-fructose diet for 2 weeks. Body and liver composition, hepatic steatosis, plasma lipid profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity, together with whole-body and hepatic de novo lipogenesis, were assessed. Hepatic mitochondrial mass, functionality, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense were also measured. Rats fed the high-fat-high-fructose diet exhibited significantly higher plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin and indexes of hepatic insulin resistance compared with rats fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet. Hepatic triglycerides and ceramide, as well as the degree of steatosis and necrosis, were significantly higher, while liver p-Akt was significantly lower, in rats fed high-fat-high-fructose diet than in rats fed high-fat diet. A significant increase in non-protein respiratory quotient and hepatic fatty acid synthase and stearoyl CoA desaturase activity was found in rats fed the high-fat-high-fructose diet compared with those fed the high-fat diet. Significantly lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity but significantly higher oxidative stress was found in rats fed high-fat and high-fat-high-fructose diets compared with rats fed low-fat diet, while mitochondrial mass significantly increased only in rats fed high-fat-high-fructose diet. In conclusion, short-term consumption of a Western diet, rich in saturated fats and fructose, is more conducive to the development of liver steatosis and deleterious to glucose homeostasis than a high-fat diet.

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“…The image analysis used the Image-Pro Plus software (version 7.03 for Windows, Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA) as described elsewhere (Fernandes-Santos et al, 2013), in a minimum of 50 adipocytes or islets per animal, in nonconsecutive slices.…”

Section: Euthanasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Intensity Interval Training Beneficial Effects in Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Adipose Tissue, Liver Structure, and Pancreatic Islets

2016

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MOTTA, V. F.; AGUILA, M. B. & MANDARIM-DE-LACERDA, C. A.High-intensity interval training beneficial effects in dietinduced obesity in mice: adipose tissue, liver structure, and pancreatic islets. Int. J. Morphol., 34(2):684-691, 2016. SUMMARY:The study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on adipose tissue, pancreatic islets and liver in mice fed high-fat diet. C57BL/6 male mice were fed one of two diets: standard chow (Lean group -LE) or a high-fat diet (Obese group -OB). After the first 12-weeks, the animals were divided into non-trained (LE-NT and OB-NT), trained groups (LE-T and OB-T), and started the exercise protocol. The HIIT protocol in the trained animals (LE-T and OB-T) compared to their counterparts (LE-NT and OB-NT) led to a reduction in size of the pancreatic islets (LE-T vs. LE-NT -40 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -22 %) and to an increase in insulin immunodensity in pancreatic islet (LE-T vs. LE-NT +35 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT +31 %). Apart from the above results, in adipose tissue, a decrease of the diameter of adipocytes (LE-T vs. LE-NT -23 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -12 %), a reduction in adiposity index (LE-T vs. LE-NT -49 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -24 %) and in the liver, a decrease in the context of hepatic steatosis (LE-T vs. LE-NT -57 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -77 %). These metabolic changes characterize a benefits performance of the HIIT protocol in swimming. HIIT is able to mitigate the bad effects caused by high-fat diet, even with continued intake of this diet in an animal model. HIIT has the advantage of requiring only a few weekly sessions with short duration in each session. These benefits are important to motivate people who nowadays live with a lack of time condition for these activities.

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Quantitative Morphology Update: Image Analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Maternal use of flaxseed oil during pregnancy and lactation prevents morphological alterations in pancreas of female offspring from rat dams with experimental diabetes

Maternal use of flaxseed oil during pregnancy and lactation prevents morphological alterations in pancreas of female offspring from rat dams with experimental diabetes

Fructose supplementation worsens the deleterious effects of short‐term high‐fat feeding on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in adult rats

High-Intensity Interval Training Beneficial Effects in Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Adipose Tissue, Liver Structure, and Pancreatic Islets

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