Quantitative PCR for Detection of Shigella Improves Ascertainment of Shigella Burden in Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Low-Income Countries

Lindsay, Brianna; Ochieng, John B.; Ikumapayi, Usman N.; Touré, Aliou; Ahmed, Dilruba; Li, Shan; Panchalingam, Sandra; Levine, Myron M.; Kotloff, Karen L.; Rasko, David A.; Morris, Carolyn R.; Juma, Jane; Fields, Barry S.; Dione, Michel; Malle, Dramane; Becker, S.; Houpt, Eric R.; Nataro, James P.; Sommerfelt, Halvor; Pop, Mihai; Oundo, Joe; Antonio, Martín; Hossain, Ahmed; Tamboura, Boubou; Stine, O. Colin

doi:10.1128/jcm.02713-12

Cited by 101 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hal ini menyatakan bahwa makin banyak jumlah koloni kuman Shigella, semakin banyak jumlah gen ipaH menyebabkan semakin berat derajat dehidrasi daripada diare. 16 Studi ini sesuai dengan hasil temuan kami mengenai jumlah koloni pada diare dengan dehidrasi ringan sedang dan berat lebih banyak daripada diare tanpa dehidrasi.…”

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Hubungan Jumlah Koloni Escherichia Coli dengan Derajat Dehidrasi pada Diare Akut

Halim

Warouw

Rampengan

et al. 2017

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Latar belakang. Escherichia coli (E. coli) penyebab kedua terbanyak diare setelah rotavirus. Diare E. coli sering disertai dengan dehidrasi yang berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas anak. Tujuan. Mengetahui peran jumlah koloni E. coli terhadap beratnya derajat dehidrasi diare akut. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di RSUP Manado. Subyek umur 7 bulan-13 tahun dengan diare akut, dinilai derajat dehidrasi, dilakukan kultur tinja dan hitung jumlah koloni. Perbandingan jumlah koloni dan derajat dehidrasi dilakukan uji korelasi Gamma (p<0,05). Hasil. Terdapat 50% Escherichia coli dari 50 anak diare akut. Dehidrasi berat (2/25 anak), dehidrasi ringan sedang (13/25 anak) jumlah koloni >10 5 CFU dan tanpa dehidrasi (10/25 anak) jumlah koloni <10 5 CFU. Analisis korelasi Gamma menyatakan hubungan bermakna jumlah koloni dengan derajat dehidrasi (r G =0,870, nilai p=0,008). Correlation between the Colonies Count of Escherichia Coli with The Grade of Dehydration in Acute DiarrheaFelicia Halim, Sarah M. Warouw, Novie H. Rampengan, Praevilia Salendu Background. Escherichia coli is the second most common cause of diarrhea after rotavirus. Escherichia coli diarrhea is often accompanied by dehydration associated with morbidity and mortality of children. Objective. Knowing the role of the number of colonies of Escherichia coli with the grade of dehydration from acute diarrhea. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the hospital in Manado. Subjects aged 7 months-13 years with acute diarrhea were assessed the grade of dehydration, stool cultures taken and count the number of colonies. The number of colonies and the grade of dehydration was compared with Gamma correlation test (p <0.05).Results. There were 50% Escherichia coli in 50 children with acute diarrhea. Severe dehydration (2/25 children), mild to moderate dehydration (13/25 children) with colonies count >10 5 CFU and without dehydration (10/25 children) with colonies count <10

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Hubungan Jumlah Koloni Escherichia Coli dengan Derajat Dehidrasi pada Diare Akut

Halim

Warouw

Rampengan

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to comparing detection rates, we aimed at evaluating the potential utility of pathogen loads, in terms of real-time PCR threshold cycle (C T ) values, to separate symptomatic from asymptomatic infections, as suggested by studies on norovirus, rotavirus, and Shigella infections (17)(18)(19).…”

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Real-Time PCR Threshold Cycle Cutoffs Help To Identify Agents Causing Acute Childhood Diarrhea in Zanzibar

et al. 2014

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f Molecular assays might improve the identification of causes of acute diarrheal disease but might lead to more frequent detection of asymptomatic infections. In the present study, real-time PCR targeting 14 pathogens was applied to rectal swabs from 330 children aged 2 to 59 months in Zanzibar, including 165 patients with acute diarrhea and 165 asymptomatic control subjects. At least one pathogen was detected for 94% of the patients and 84% of the controls, with higher rates among patients for norovirus genogroup II (20% versus 2.4%; P < 0.0001), rotavirus (10% versus 1.8%; P ‫؍‬ 0.003), and Cryptosporidium (30% versus 11%; P < 0.0001). Detection rates did not differ significantly for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-estA (33% versus 24%), ETEC-eltB (44% versus 46%), Shigella (35% versus 33%), and Campylobacter (35% versus 33%), but for these agents threshold cycle (C T ) values were lower (pathogen loads were higher) in sick children than in controls. In a multivariate analysis, C T values for norovirus genogroup II, rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, ETEC-estA, and Shigella were independently associated with diarrhea. We conclude that this real-time PCR allows convenient detection of essentially all diarrheagenic agents and provides C T values that may be critical for the interpretation of results for pathogens with similar detection rates in patients and controls. The results indicate that the assessment of pathogen loads may improve the identification of agents causing gastroenteritis in children.

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“…In a study conducted by Lindsay et al (2013), the authors observed that at 4.38 log 10 copies/mL of ipaH gene present in the stools of infants, a moderate to severe diarrheal infection occurred. Results in our study are substantially above this value; this may suggest that if Apies River water is consumed, this can lead to diarrhoeal infections in infants.…”

Section: Pathogen Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonellosis and shigellosis continue to be a major public health problem worldwide, with 93.8 million and 163.2 million cases, respectively, reported annually (Majowicz et al, 2010;Kotloff et al, 2013). Many interrelated factors contributing to this incidence include increased urbanization, inadequate supplies of clean water, antibiotic resistance and increased regional movement (Boehmer et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pathogen Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are more commonly due to increased faecal pollution of water bodies (Levantesi et al, 2012). In South Africa, the MDG (Millennium Development Goals) 2013 report pointed out that some 3-5 million people still depend on untreated water from rivers and springs (UN, 2013). An epidemiological study by Niehaus et al (2011), following an outbreak of food-borne salmonellosis after a school function in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, reported that Salmonella enteritidis isolated from patients and food samples could not be distinguished phenotypically and genotypically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> spp. isolates recovered from water and riverbed sediment of the Apies River, South Africa

Ekwanzala

Abia

Keshri

et al. 2017

WSA

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Riverbed sediment is a vital component of river ecosystems and plays an important role in many geomorphological and ecological processes. However, when re-suspension occurs, pathogenic bacteria associated with sediment particles may be released into the water column, thus creating a health risk to those who use such water for drinking, household and recreational purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacterial pathogens Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in the Apies River and to ascertain whether there was any level of genetic relatedness between river water and riverbed sediment isolates of these pathogenic bacteria. A total of 124 water and sediment samples were collected from a site located on the Apies Rivers upstream of the Daspoort Wastewater Treatment Works, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa, between August and November 2014. In order to detect and identify the target bacteria, samples were analysed by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques (quantitative real-time PCR). Genetic relatedness was established using Sanger sequencing of the invA gene of Salmonella spp. and ipaH of Shigella spp. Results of this study displayed the presence of the target bacteria both in the water and sediment of the river. The phylogenetic tree of Salmonella spp. revealed a ≥ 99% and 99% genetic relatedness between river water and riverbed sediment isolates for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., respectively. The degree of genetic relatedness between sediment and water pathogen isolates suggests that these organisms could possibly have a common origin and that there could be possible movement of microorganisms between the water column and the sediments.

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Quantitative PCR for Detection of Shigella Improves Ascertainment of Shigella Burden in Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Low-Income Countries

Cited by 101 publications

References 18 publications

Hubungan Jumlah Koloni Escherichia Coli dengan Derajat Dehidrasi pada Diare Akut

Hubungan Jumlah Koloni Escherichia Coli dengan Derajat Dehidrasi pada Diare Akut

Real-Time PCR Threshold Cycle Cutoffs Help To Identify Agents Causing Acute Childhood Diarrhea in Zanzibar

Genetic characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> spp. isolates recovered from water and riverbed sediment of the Apies River, South Africa

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