Quantitative relationships for the dependence of growth rate of arable crops on their nitrogen content, dry weight and aerial environment

Greenwood, D. J.; Neeteson, J.J.; Draycott, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02198111

Cited by 93 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The rate of N uptake of any crop is highly variable according to crop development, seasons, plant stands, and sites. However, under ample soil N availability, crop N accumulation is highly related to crop growth rate and to biomass accumulation (Greenwood et al 1986), which may allow for comparisons among irrigation levels and plant densities as in our experiment. In Fig.…”

Section: Derived Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of nitrogen deficiency in wheat from spectral reflectance indices and basic crop eco-physiological concepts

Rodrı́guez¹,

Fitzgerald²,

Belford³

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

133

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Abstract. We tested the capacity of several published multispectral indices to estimate the nitrogen nutrition of wheat canopies grown under different levels of water supply and plant density and derived a simple canopy reflectance index that is greatly independent of those factors. Planar domain geometry was used to account for mixed signals from the canopy and soil when the ground cover was low. A nitrogen stress index was developed, which adjusts shoot %N for plant biomass and area, thereby accounting for environmental conditions that affect growth, such as crop water status. The canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCi) and the modified spectral ratio planar index (mSR Pi ) could explain 68 and 69% of the observed variability in the nitrogen nutrition of the crop as early as Zadoks 33, irrespective of water status or ground cover. The CCCi was derived from the combination of 3 wavebands 670, 720 and 790 nm, and the mSR Pi from 445, 705 and 750 nm, together with broader bands in the NIR and RED. The potential for their spatial application over large fields/paddocks is discussed.Additional keywords: water stress, plant density, remote sensing, nitrogen stress index.

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Section: Derived Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of nitrogen deficiency in wheat from spectral reflectance indices and basic crop eco-physiological concepts

Rodrı́guez¹,

Fitzgerald²,

Belford³

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

133

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show abstract

“…From critical N content to the N acquisition of a monoculture Even when there is ample supply of mineral N, plant shoot N concentration declines during growth within dense canopies (Greenwood et al 1986). This observation led to the development of a critical N concentration (N c ) curve which is defined as being the minimum plant N concentration allowing maximum growth rate (Ulrich 1952) and is related to stand dry matter accumulation (W) by a negative power function (Lemaire and Salette 1984;Lemaire et al 2008).…”

Section: A Feedback Regulation Of N Nutrition By N Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we understand and predict the regulation of biological N2 fixation in grassland ecosystems?

Soussana

Tallec

2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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We discuss results from controlled environment studies including mesocosms, grazing experiments and long term field experiments which show how biological N 2 fixation in legume based systems is tightly coupled to the N demand at scales ranging from the individual plant to the grassland ecosystem. We further test the consequences of this hypothesis of a feedback regulation of biological N 2 fixation by N demand with a mechanistic model linking plant community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Results confirm the heuristic power of this hypothesis which accounts for a number of observations concerning changes in the relative abundance and N 2 fixation rate of legumes in managed grasslands. Then we show how nitrogen and carbon fluxes are affected by plant-plant (e.g. competition and facilitation), plant-soil and plant-herbivore interactions and by climate and management changes.

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“…Nitrogen concentration of lambsquarters was also characterized by a N application × (Table 4); N concentration increased with increasing N rate at the earliest sampiing date but either was unaffected by or decreased with increasing N rate at the two subsequent dates. A stimulating effect of N addition on biomass accumulation, which in turn leads to reduced tissue N concentration (Greenwood et al, 1986), is the likely cause of the often negative effect of N fertilizer on N concentration in the later sampling dates. As indicated by the lack of significant residue × N or residue × N × sampling date interactions, the effect of N application on N concentration was generally consistent between residue and nonresidue treatments, although reduction in N concentration due to N application at the final sampling date appeared more severe in treatments without clover than in those with clover residue (Table 4).…”

Section: Experiments 2 N Concentration Oflambsquarters and Sweet Cornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil fertility management as a factor in weed control: the effect of crimson clover residue, synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, and their interaction on emergence and early growth of lambsquarters and sweet corn

Dyck

Liebman

1994

Plant Soil

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Previous experiments have shown that crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) used as a green manure may supply weed control benefits as well as nitrogen (N) to a subsequent crop of corn (Zea mays L.). In contrast to use of synthetic N fertilizer, use of fresh, incorporated crimson clover residue as an N source has been found to suppress lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) aboveground drymatter accumulation but to only temporarily reduce that of sweet corn. One possible cause of the clover's suppressive effect is the initial low availability of N that may occur after residue incorporation in the soil. A factorial treatment combination of +/-crimson clover residue and four rates of N fertilizer was used in two field experiments to further document the clover's influence on early plant growth and development and to test the hypothesis that low initial N availability is responsible for the clover's previously observed suppressive effects. The presence of crimson clover residue was found to reduce total emergence of lambsquarters by 27%, while application of N fertilizer increased lambsquarters emergence by almost 75%. Lambsquarters emergence was also delayed by the residue treatment. Addition of N did not alleviate the clover's suppressive effect on total emergence or emergence rate of lambsquarters. Sweet corn emergence and emergence rate differed by less than 5% in 0 N/+residue and 0 N/-residue treatments. Applications of N to residue plots suppressed rather than enanced sweet corn emergence. Lambsquarters aboveground biomass accumulation was 46% lower in the residue than nouresidue treatments at 23 days after planting (DAP) and remained 26% lower at 53 DAP. Addition of N did not alleviate the suppressive effect of the clover residue on lambsquarters aboveground drymatter accumulation. Sweet corn aboveground biomass accumulation was not affected by the presence of the clover residue. The results of the experiments indicate that the suppressive effect of crimson clover residue on lambsquarters emergence and growth is not attributable to initial low availability of N. However, given the stimulatory effect of N fertilizer on lambsquarters development, use of crimson clover as an N source would appear to provide weed control benefits both as a direct suppressant of weed emergence and growth and as a substitute for fertilizer N.

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Quantitative relationships for the dependence of growth rate of arable crops on their nitrogen content, dry weight and aerial environment

Cited by 93 publications

References 34 publications

Detection of nitrogen deficiency in wheat from spectral reflectance indices and basic crop eco-physiological concepts

Detection of nitrogen deficiency in wheat from spectral reflectance indices and basic crop eco-physiological concepts

Can we understand and predict the regulation of biological N2 fixation in grassland ecosystems?

Soil fertility management as a factor in weed control: the effect of crimson clover residue, synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, and their interaction on emergence and early growth of lambsquarters and sweet corn

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