Quantitative XPS imaging—new possibilities with the delay-line detector

Vohrer, U.; Blomfield, C.; Page, S. C.; Roberts, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.114

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Y-axis of the image corresponds to binding energy, the X-axis defines position on the sample and the colour intensity scale corresponds to electron counts. 24,25 Both of the XPS images, shown as Fig. 4a and b, exhibit prominent vertical line features.…”

Section: Xps Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electropolishing of stainless steels in a choline chloride based ionic liquid: an electrochemical study with surface characterisation using SEM and atomic force microscopy

Abbott

Capper

McKenzie

et al. 2006

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

184

114

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We have studied the anodic dissolution (electropolishing) of various stainless steel alloys in an ionic liquid comprising a 2 : 1 stoichiometric mix of ethylene glycol (EG) and choline chloride. We have used a combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic methods together with in situ liquid probe microscopy. We discuss the role and influence of the surface oxide passivation layer, characterized here by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and linear sweep voltammetry, on the polishing process. We address the question of dealloying during the polish in order to contribute to our understanding of the viability of the ionic liquid as a replacement industrial electropolishing medium; the current commercial process uses a corrosive mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acids. Also, we present data from ex situ and in situ liquid AFM studies giving both a qualitative and quantitative insight into the nature and scale of morphological changes at the steel surface during the polishing process.

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Section: Xps Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electropolishing of stainless steels in a choline chloride based ionic liquid: an electrochemical study with surface characterisation using SEM and atomic force microscopy

Abbott

Capper

McKenzie

et al. 2006

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

184

114

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“…The instrument utilises a magnetic immersion/electrostatic lens, hemispherical and spherical mirror energy analysers and a delay line detector for pulse counting energy-filtered electrons. 1 The microchannel plate was broken into irregular shaped pieces approximately 10 mm in size and mounted on the sample bar using adhesive tape, so that the fragments were electrically isolated thereby minimising vertical differential charging. Charge buildup at the sample surface was minimised using a low-energy electron flood source located in the base of the electrostatic lens situated vertically above the sample, operating with a filament current of 1.75 A, charge balance of 3 V and filament bias of 1.2 V. Spectra and images were acquired using a monochromatic Al K˛X-ray source operating at 150 and 300 W, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol damage to a microchannel plate analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectromicroscopy

Walton

2006

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Localised corrosion on a microchannel plate has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectromicroscopy. Curve fitting to the spectra at each pixel in the image data set reveals the presence of sodium and carbonate species at the corrosion sites, which optical microscopy suggests originated as droplets. It is proposed that aerosol contamination of the alkali enriched microchannel plate during removal of particulate material using a stream of compressed gas was responsible for the initiation of corrosion.

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“…Images were acquired using the spherical mirror electron energy analyser with multi-channel plate and delay line detector. 6 All data processing was carried out on a personal computer using CasaXPS version 2.3.9. The instrument was operated at a base pressure of 2.0 ð 10 9 torr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%