Quantum Shot Noise in Tunnel Junctions

Ben‐Jacob, Eshel; Mottola, Emil; Schoen, Gerd

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.51.2064

Cited by 113 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This latter limit is the subject of work by Ben-Jacob, Mottola and Schön [147] and Schön [27]. Lee and Levitov [28] investigate the effect of the external impedance (active resistance R ex ) on the noise properties of the tunnel junction.…”

Section: A Coulomb Blockadementioning

confidence: 99%

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Shot noise in mesoscopic conductors

2000

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Theoretical and experimental work concerned with dynamic fluctuations has developed into a very active and fascinating subfield of mesoscopic physics. We present a review of this development focusing on shot noise in small electric conductors. Shot noise is a consequence of the quantization of charge. It can be used to obtain information on a system which is not available through conductance measurements. In particular, shot noise experiments can determine the charge and statistics of the quasiparticles relevant for transport, and reveal information on the potential profile and internal energy scales of mesoscopic systems. Shot noise is generally more sensitive to the effects of electron-electron interactions than the average conductance. We present a discussion based on the conceptually transparent scattering approach and on the classical Langevin and BoltzmannLangevin methods; in addition a discussion of results which cannot be obtained by these methods is provided. We conclude the review by pointing out a number of unsolved problems and an outlook on the likely future development of the field.

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Section: A Coulomb Blockadementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(127) are obtained already in the discussions of noise based on the tunneling Hamiltonian approach for junctions [24] (see also Refs. [26,147,27]). In this approach one expands in the tunneling probability, and consequently, to leading order, terms proportional to n T 2 n are disregarded.…”

Section: Scattering Theory Of Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shot noise in mesoscopic conductors

2000

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“…Refs. 6,7,8,9. The effect of interactions on shot noise in 2d diffusive conductors at sufficiently high temperatures was recently addressed in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current fluctuations and electron-electron interactions in coherent conductors

2003

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We analyze current fluctuations in mesoscopic coherent conductors in the presence of electronelectron interactions. In a wide range of parameters we obtain explicit universal dependencies of the current noise on temperature, voltage and frequency. We demonstrate that Coulomb interaction decreases the Nyquist noise. In this case the interaction correction to the noise spectrum is governed by the combination n Tn(Tn − 1), where Tn is the transmission of the n-th conducting mode. The effect of electron-electron interactions on the shot noise is more complicated. At sufficiently large voltages we recover two different interaction corrections entering with opposite signs. The net result is proportional to n Tn(Tn − 1)(1 − 2Tn), i.e. Coulomb interaction decreases the shot noise at low transmissions and increases it at high transmissions.

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“…[9], the action in imaginary time for the CBJ becomes This implies voltage oscillations at frequency Iac/e and consequently "inverse Shapiro" steps. These oscillations will survive when inelastic interactions within the junction are sufficiently weak, that is, interband transitions are negligible.…”

Section: R~ 1 ~ (~/27re2) Iti2nl(o)nr(o) mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous work [9] it was shown that the response of a NTJ to an ideal voltage source (that has zero internal resistence) is related by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to the current fluctuations S I (measured by an ideal amperemeter with zero internal resistance). In these cases the capacitance of the junction is shortened, and the expression for the response of the junction contains the normal resistance,…”

Section: Idc = (N/m)2efex (1 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New quantum oscillations in current driven small junctions

1985

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We propose a framework of a quantum mechanical description of current driven tunnel junctions. Based on this description we predict several new effects. These effects can be observed for k,T i E, < e*/C, where E, = h/RC for a normal tunnel junction and ET = Ft.Ts /2 e for a Josephson junction, C being the junction's capacitance.Recent advances in the fabrication of small tunnel junctions [l] made it possible to attain the limit kn T < e2/C. In this letter we predict possible new observable effects in this limit. We base our prediction on a new quantum mechanical approach we propose for describing a current driven tunnel junction. Underlying our description is the observation that the response of an open system driven by a current source, I(t), is equivalent to that of a closed system (i.e., open-ended junction) subject to an external time-dependent voltage bias A(t), where A(t) =1(t).We consider both a current biased Josephson junction (JJ) and a normal tunnel junction (NJT), and predict the following effects:1. Voltage oscillations in dc current biased junctions (CBJ), both JJs and NTJs, with no dc voltage.2. Steps of dc voltage in a CBJ in the presence of microwave radiation ("inverse Shapiro steps"), for a discrete set of values of the dc current such that I/q = (n/m)f, where 4 is the elementary charge that tunnels and f is the frequency of the radiation. 5. The resistance of a current biased NTJ is unlike that of a voltage driven NTJ.We first consider a JJ. The standard approach is to assume that the charging energy 2e2/C is small, so that the probability of pairs tunneling across the junction is calculated using a degenerate perturbation theory [2]. The matrix elements of the tunneling hamiltonian in the basis of eigenstates of the operator n' (that measures the number of transferred pairs are then given bywhere EJ = wJ/2e. Next, the charging energy is added bywhere 4 = 2. Another useful basis is the eigenstates 119) of the phase operator which satisfy (19 In> = (2n)-lj2 eien (the phase operator i is the conjugate of A). From eqs. (1) and (2) it is easy to show that the hamiltonian for the unbiased junction is given by H=(e2/2C)q2fi2 + EJ(~ -COS 8) >

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Quantum Shot Noise in Tunnel Junctions

Cited by 113 publications

References 6 publications

Shot noise in mesoscopic conductors

Shot noise in mesoscopic conductors

Current fluctuations and electron-electron interactions in coherent conductors

New quantum oscillations in current driven small junctions

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