Quasi-instantaneous two-dimensional temperature measurements in a spark ignition engine using 2-line atomic fluorescence

Kaminski, CF; Engström, Johan; Aldén, Marcus

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80393-7

Cited by 55 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Of the atomic species available, indium seeded into the flame has been identified as a suitable thermometry species for TLAF (e.g., [28]). Indium has good sensitivity over the temperature range ∼800-2800 K [29] and both wavelengths are in the visible (namely, 410 and 450 nm), where interferences are less pronounced than in the UV range, where many spectral species need to be excited. Recent feasibility studies [17,27] have shown that TLAF with indium holds promise for temperature measurement in a highly sooting environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of temperature imaging using two-line atomic fluorescence

et al. 2009

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory was first evaluated by Alkemade [30] and has subsequently been the interest of other studies [17,24,27,29,31,32]. The TLAF technique is based on the optical excitation of two electronic transitional energy states and the sequential detection of the spectrally shifted emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of temperature imaging using two-line atomic fluorescence

et al. 2009

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“…Most of these processes utilize little heat as compared with the heat released in a combustion reaction [19,23]. An exception to these processes is desolvation, which can consume a significant fraction of the heat content, leading to a 100-150 K cooling of the flame [15,20].…”

Section: Fluorescence-organic-solvent-water Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 that the fluorescence increases as the stoichiometry of the flame increases, over the range of 0:9 < Φ < 1:4. This indicates that the neutral indium atoms are produced more effectively when the flame is rich [15,19,41]. The process by which the indium is converted into free atoms is dependent on numerous factors, such as the temperature and the chemical conditions.…”

Section: Fluorescence-organic-solvent-water Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent effects on two-line atomic fluorescence of indium

et al. 2010

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Laser‐Based Combustion Diagnostics*Update based on original article by Jürgen Wolfrum, Thomas Dreier, Volker Ebert, and Christof Schulz, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, ©2000, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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In laser spectroscopy, the interaction of light emitted from various types of laser sources — tunable or nontunable in their output frequency — with the atomic or molecular species of interest is used to probe the sample through a variety of spectral responses. In order to perform laser spectroscopy, suitable laser sources must be selected, which meet the requirements of the chosen spectroscopic method. This means that the laser has to provide radiation in the wavelength range of interest, has the appropriate emission characteristics (lineshape), and has a suitable energy to perform the measurements. Further requirements are pulse length (milliseconds to femtoseconds or continuous wave), repetition rate, and beam profile. Nowadays, laser radiation can be generated with most of the required parameters necessary for the respective spectroscopic application, either directly or by generating new radiation frequencies by frequency mixing of one or several laser beams in a nonlinear medium (gas, liquid, and solid). As an example, the most direct interrogation technique is absorption of laser radiation (LAS, laser absorption spectroscopy) by suitable spectroscopically allowed transitions in atoms or molecules, which are known from conventional spectroscopic methods. The increase or decrease in the laser radiation transmitted through the sample is then a measure of the amount of substance probed in the sample, which characteristically absorbs at the required wavelength. Laser light scattering methods, elastic (Rayleigh scattering (RS)) and inelastic (spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS)), are other techniques to probe the medium. In the first method, which is not species specific, the density of the medium can be interrogated, whereas the second is able to probe all species with Raman‐active vibration‐rotation transitions. There are several advantages in using laser spectroscopy instead of conventional spectroscopic techniques using conventional thermal light sources. The spectral brightness of laser beams is many orders of magnitude higher than that of thermal radiation sources, which correspondingly increase the detection sensitivity of laser spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the small linewidth of the emitted radiation dramatically increases the spectral resolution such that minor details of the spectroscopic branch investigated can be resolved. This enables more quantitative interpretations of all parameters influencing the lineshape and line intensity of the probed transition, and as such the physical and chemical environments of the probed species: temperature, pressure, velocity, chemical species, and so on. It makes laser spectroscopic techniques much more selective than conventional methods, which often are not able to separate closely spaced spectral features from different species. A third advantage of laser spectroscopic techniques is connected with the variable pulse duration and repetition frequency of lasers: the very short pulse lengths can be used successfully to probe the sample within time periods that are short compared to any other physical or chemical time development — flow, chemical reaction, pressure changes, and so on. Finally, the small spatial regions that can be probed by focusing diffraction‐limited laser beams makes laser spectroscopic techniques ideally suited for applications where high spatial resolution is required. All these advantages of laser spectroscopy are beneficial when the various techniques are applied as a diagnostic tool in combustion processes: flames constitute a complex interaction of fast chemistry with flow fields and surfaces, and therefore, a detailed understanding of combustion events often needs in situ, species‐specific optical diagnostics with high spatial and temporal resolution. In many recent applications, laser spectroscopy has become a developed technique that can even be performed by nonlaser specialists. However, numerous laser spectroscopic techniques require detailed theoretical knowledge of the spectroscopy underlying the respective technique and the use of sophisticated equipment in order to obtain meaningful results. Future development is aimed toward simplifying experimental set‐ups, data evaluation, and maintenance. This development runs parallel to the breathtaking development in laser technology that continuously increases available wavelength ranges, simplicity of use, pulse power, and repetition rates.

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Quasi-instantaneous two-dimensional temperature measurements in a spark ignition engine using 2-line atomic fluorescence

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Development of temperature imaging using two-line atomic fluorescence

Development of temperature imaging using two-line atomic fluorescence

Solvent effects on two-line atomic fluorescence of indium

Laser‐Based Combustion Diagnostics*Update based on original article by Jürgen Wolfrum, Thomas Dreier, Volker Ebert, and Christof Schulz, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, ©2000, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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