Quinine‐modified polymer monolithic column with reversed‐phase /strong anion‐exchange mixed‐mode for pressurized capillary electrochromatography

Abstract

Via the facile ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups with quinine, a novel polymer monolith with quaternary ammonium for reversed-phase/strong anion-exchange mixed-mode has been fabricated for pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC). Optimization on the preparation of quinine-modified monoliths has been investigated, and characteristics including morphology, permeability, mechanical stability, reproducibility, and column performance have been also studied. Active quaternary ammonium groups were conveniently produced to generate cationic action sites and stable anodic electroosmotic flow. Multiple interactions including reversed-phase, strong anion-exchange, electrostatic repulsion and π-π stacking interactions were obtained. Satisfactory separation capability of various analytes such as alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzoic acid and its homologs, and β -receptor excitants has been achieved. Applied to the real sample, the good resolution of three alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo were achieved by pCEC with the quinine-modified monolith. The results light a potential access to facilely fabricating quaternary ammonium-functionalized polymer monolith with multiple interactions for efficient electrochromatography profiling of various compounds.

Epinephrine‐modified methacrylate monolithic column with fumed silica nanoparticle for pressurized capillary electrochromatography

“…The formulation of the polymer monolithic column was based on published literature . The concentration of MFSNP in the pre‐polymerization mixture affected the column efficiency and permeability of the monolithic column.…”

“…Within the two main types of monolithic materials, polymer‐based monoliths have several advantages compared to silica‐based ones and that includes: a simpler and faster preparation, versatile choices of surface modification and stability in a wider pH range. Among a variety of organic polymer‐based monoliths, poly(GMA‐EDMA) monoliths, with a straightforward and efficient derivatization at the epoxy group, is the most common one. Different functionalities at the epoxy‐groups of GMA‐based monoliths, such as amino acids , quinine and a variety of chiral reagents , have been reported to provide monoliths with different chromatographic properties.…”

Recent advances in mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phases

“…Wang et al. have fabricated a monolith for pCEC . This time, glycidyl methacrylate‐based monolith was modified with quinidine utilizing facile ring‐opening reaction of epoxy functionality.…”

Rapid Separation and Determination of Metronidazole Benzoate and Other Antiprotozoal Drugs by Pressurized Capillary Electrochromatography

“…However, because of too high salt concentration or intrinsic limitation of the packed column, some problems such as "dry out" and bubble formation were frequently encountered in "pure" CEC. Pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) is a powerful separation system in which a mobile phase is driven by both a pressurized flow and an electroosmotic flow (EOF), which can improve stability and reproducibility of the experimental system by avoiding the above problems [21].…”