Quinolinium ionic liquid-modified silica as a novel stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

A novel stationary phase based on quinolinium ionic liquid-modified silica was prepared and evaluated for high-performance liquid chromatography. The stationary phase was investigated via normal-phase (NP), reversed-phase (RP), and anion-exchange (AE) chromatographic modes, respectively. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, parabens, phenols, anilines, and inorganic anions were used as model analytes in chromatographic separation. Using the newly established column, organic compounds were separated successfully by both NP and RP modes, and inorganic anions were also separated completely by AE mode. The obtained results indicated that the stationary phase could be applied in different chromatographic modes, with multiple-interaction mechanism including van der Waals forces (dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole interactions), hydrophobic, π-π stacking, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, anion-exchange interactions, and so on. The column packed with the stationary phase was applied to analyze phthalates and parabens in hexane extracts of plastics. Tap water and bottled water were also analyzed by the column, and nitrate was detected as 20.1 and 13.8 mg L(-1), respectively. The results illustrated that the stationary phase was potential in practical applications.

Normal-phase liquid chromatography retention behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and their methyl-substituted derivatives on an aminopropyl stationary phase

“…Since the original studies [10, 14, 22], researchers have reported retention behavior for a very limited number of PAHs (especially isomers) with the following polar functionalized stationary phases: NH 2 [15, 29], triamine [30, 31], silica [30], alumina [30], 2,4-dinitroanilinooctaylsilica [31], 2,3,6-trinitroanillinooctylsilica [31], aminocyano [15, 32], dihydroxypropyl propyl ether [33], nitrophenyl [32], poly(4-vinylpyridine)-grafted silica [34], 3-(2,4-Dinitroanilino)propyl [30, 31, 35], and hypercrosslinked polystyrene [35]. Despite these additional polar stationary phases, the NH 2 phase has been the predominant phase used for NPLC to isolate isomeric PAHs based on the number of aromatic carbon atoms [6, 7, 9].…”

Versatile ligands for high-performance liquid chromatography: An overview of ionic liquid-functionalized stationary phases

“…Pyridinium-modified phases could also be synthesized from larger pyridine derivatives, such as 4,4 0 -dipyridine [72] and quinoline [73]. Dipyridinium-modified silica (Sil-C 3 DiPy-Cl) could be used for IE separation of organic anions and RP separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenols.…”

Glucaminium ionic liquid-functionalized stationary phase for the separation of nucleosides in hydrophilic interaction chromatography

“…Melamine can deceptively make higher content of nitrogen in the food, especially in the powder infant formula. This substance can be accumulated in infants for long time, causing severe renal failure, even death [40]. Detection of melamine is of practical significance.…”