Quinolone, Everninomycin, Glycylcycline, Carbapenem, Lipopeptide and Cephem Antibacterials in Clinical Development

Bronson, Joanne J.; Barrett, John

doi:10.2174/0929867013371653

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Furthermore, the rate of resistance to these drugs is higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries because of extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics over the last few decades [6] and people's ability to self-medicate without a prescription from a physician. Among the wide array of antibiotics, beta (β)-lactams are the most varied and widely used [7]. The most common cause of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the production of β-lactamases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains

Khan

Zakir

Afaq

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: The emerging trends of multidrug resistance among several groups of microorganisms against different classes of antibiotics led different researchers to develop efficient drugs from plant sources to counter multidrug resistant strains. This study investigated different solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera (P. Spicigera), Zingiber officinale, and Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant microbes. Methodology: Successive extractions of these plants were performed using a Soxhlet apparatus, using solvents with increasing polarities. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was also performed .Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by a two-fold serial dilution method followed by determination of minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli and reference strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus bovis were used in the study. Results: The ethanolic fraction of P. spicigera (least minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] -4.88 µg/ml) demonstrated a remarkable inhibition of the microorganisms while fractions obtained from those of Zingiber officinale (least MIC-78.125 µg/ml) exhibited little activity. The petroleum ether fraction of T. ammi (least MIC-625 µg/ml) showed best activity when compared to its other fractions. Qualitative analysis of the phytoconstituents was also performed. Conclusions: The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. This study also showed that P. spicigera could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains

Khan

Zakir

Afaq

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…This emergence and spread of resistance are also threatening to create species resistant to all currently available agents. Approximately 20% of Klebsiella pnenumoniae infections and 31% of Enterobacter species infections in intensive care unit in the United States now involve strains not susceptible to 3rd-generation cephalosporins [2] Among the wide array of antibiotics, β-lactams are the most varied and widely used agents accounting for over 50% of all systemic antibiotics in use [3] . The most common cause of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the production of β-lactamases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins and Other Antibiotics by Enterobacteriaceae in Western Nigeria

Okesola¹,

Makanjuola²

2009

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Problem statement:The emergence and spread of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins are threatening to create species resistant to all currently available agents. The most common cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production of beta-lactamases and many of the 2nd and 3rd-generation penicillins and cephalosporins were specifically designed to resist the hydrolytic action of major β-lactamases. However new β-lactamases emerged against each of the new classes of β-lactams that were introduced and caused resistance. This study was designed to determine the rate of resistance to 3rd-generation cephalosporins and other classes of antibiotics by the Enterobacteriaceae in this environment. Approach: One hundred bacteria isolates belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae identified from different clinical specimens between October and December 2007 using standard bacteriological methods. These were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to third-generation cephalosporins and other classes of antibiotics which included quinolones and an aminoglycoside using the Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion test. Results: Out of the total number of Enterobacteriaceae isolated in the study period, only 54.8% of the klebsiella species isolated were sensitive to ceftazidime, 48.4% to ceftriaxone and 30.7% to cefotaxime. With Escherichia coli however, the susceptibility pattern to the 3rd-generation cephalosporins was better (65.6% were sensitive to ceftazidime, 62.5% to ceftriaxone and 71.9% to cefotaxime). In proteus species, the susceptibility pattern was generally poor to the three classes of antibiotics(50% were sensitive to ceftazidime and ceftriaxone, 0% to cefotaxime, 33.3% to ciprofloxacin, 50% to gentamycin and 0% to amoxycillin/clavulanate). Conclusion/Recommendations:The poor susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanate demonstrated by all the isolates in this study showed the probability of new beta-lactamases production.Further studies therefore need to be done in this environment to determine the types of the β-lactamases produced by the Enterobacteriaceae here, the prevalent rate of such isolates and the molecular analysis of the new β-lactamases produced.

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“…They include (a) natural products, (b) semisynthetic antibiotics and (c) synthetic chemicals [19]. The commercial antibiotics include the cephalosporins (45 %), penicillins (15 %), quinolones (11 %), tetracyclines (6 %), macrolides (5 %); the remainder include the aminoglycosides, ansamycins, glycopeptides, lipopeptides and polyenes.…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of microbial natural products and the need to revitalize their discovery

Demain

2014

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

369

216

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Microbes are the leading producers of useful natural products. Natural products from microbes and plants make excellent drugs. Significant portions of the microbial genomes are devoted to production of these useful secondary metabolites. A single microbe can make a number of secondary metabolites, as high as 50 compounds. The most useful products include antibiotics, anticancer agents, immunosuppressants, but products for many other applications, e.g., antivirals, anthelmintics, enzyme inhibitors, nutraceuticals, polymers, surfactants, bioherbicides, and vaccines have been commercialized. Unfortunately, due to the decrease in natural product discovery efforts, drug discovery has decreased in the past 20 years. The reasons include excessive costs for clinical trials, too short a window before the products become generics, difficulty in discovery of antibiotics against resistant organisms, and short treatment times by patients for products such as antibiotics. Despite these difficulties, technology to discover new drugs has advanced, e.g., combinatorial chemistry of natural product scaffolds, discoveries in biodiversity, genome mining, and systems biology. Of great help would be government extension of the time before products become generic.

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Quinolone, Everninomycin, Glycylcycline, Carbapenem, Lipopeptide and Cephem Antibacterials in Clinical Development

Cited by 45 publications

References 62 publications

Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains

Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains

Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins and Other Antibiotics by Enterobacteriaceae in Western Nigeria

Importance of microbial natural products and the need to revitalize their discovery

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