QWIP status and future trends at Thales

Bois, P.; Guériaux, Vincent; l'Isle, N. Brière de; Manissadjian, Alain; Facoetti, H.; Marcadet, X.; Costard, E.; Nedelcu, Alexandru

doi:10.1117/12.913968

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…QWIPs based on intraband transition are being developed and used in commercial detectors [ 10 ]. While the technology of QWIPs is still complicated, the development of new materials could provide a possible solution to solve this problem.…”

Section: Infrared Photodetectors Based On Intraband Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Historical Development of Infrared Photodetection Based on Intraband Transitions

et al. 2023

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The infrared technology is entering widespread use as it starts fulfilling a growing number of emerging applications, such as smart buildings and automotive sectors. Majority of infrared photodetectors are based on interband transition, which is the energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band. As a result, infrared materials are mainly limited to semi-metal or ternary alloys with narrow-bandgap bulk semiconductors, whose fabrication is complex and expensive. Different from interband transition, intraband transition utilizing the energy gap inside the band allows for a wider choice of materials. In this paper, we mainly discuss the recent developments on intraband infrared photodetectors, including ‘bottom to up’ devices such as quantum well devices based on the molecular beam epitaxial approach, as well as ‘up to bottom’ devices such as colloidal quantum dot devices based on the chemical synthesis.

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Section: Infrared Photodetectors Based On Intraband Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infrared materials in QWIPs are grown based on the molecular beam epitaxy method. The technology of such devices is quite mature and has already been commercialized [ 10 , 11 ]. The dark current is low in QWIP, benefitting from the homogeneity of the quantum well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Development of Infrared Photodetection Based on Intraband Transitions

et al. 2023

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“…The device weighs 25 kg and draws 10 A at 28 VDC so is still only suitable for larger UAV platforms. QWIP devices have been engineered for multiband or dualband (MWIR and TIR) in a single sensor [ 82 , 83 ] and have been developed into large format sensors [ 83 , 84 , 85 ]. Thus, new miniaturized focal plane arrays based on QWIP devices (or quantum dot, strained supper lattice or other technologies [ 86 ]) have been suggested for small platforms and tactical fire sensing [ 4 , 83 ].…”

Section: Sensors Enabling Improved Airborne Fire Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Optical and Thermal Remote Sensing for Wildfire Detection and Monitoring

Allison

Johnston

Craig

et al. 2016

Sensors

228

109

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For decades detection and monitoring of forest and other wildland fires has relied heavily on aircraft (and satellites). Technical advances and improved affordability of both sensors and sensor platforms promise to revolutionize the way aircraft detect, monitor and help suppress wildfires. Sensor systems like hyperspectral cameras, image intensifiers and thermal cameras that have previously been limited in use due to cost or technology considerations are now becoming widely available and affordable. Similarly, new airborne sensor platforms, particularly small, unmanned aircraft or drones, are enabling new applications for airborne fire sensing. In this review we outline the state of the art in direct, semi-automated and automated fire detection from both manned and unmanned aerial platforms. We discuss the operational constraints and opportunities provided by these sensor systems including a discussion of the objective evaluation of these systems in a realistic context.

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“…QWIP holds many advantages over other detector FPAs, such as inexpensive and large area substrates, simple material design and growth, effective self-passivation, absence of 1/f noise, and high FPA resolution, sensitivity, uniformity and operability [1]. However, a typical 5% quantum efficiency (QE), which is defined as the fraction of external incident light absorbed per pixel area, in QWIP focal plane arrays (FPAs) requires the detectors to operate at a long integration time of 5 ms or longer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a typical 5% quantum efficiency (QE), which is defined as the fraction of external incident light absorbed per pixel area, in QWIP focal plane arrays (FPAs) requires the detectors to operate at a long integration time of 5 ms or longer. This long integration time has prevented their applications in high speed imaging [1,2]. Recently, we have established a three-dimensional finite element electromagnetic (EM) model to calculate QE quantitatively [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced inductively coupled plasma etching processes for fabrication of resonator-quantum well infrared photodetector

Sun

Choi

Jhabvala

et al. 2015

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Jhabvala, C. A.; Waczynski, A.; and Olver, K., "Advanced inductively coupled plasma etching processes for fabrication of resonator-quantum well infrared photodetector" (2015). t r a c tResonator-quantum well infrared photodetectors (R-QWIPs) are the next generation of QWIP detectors that use resonances to increase the quantum efficiency (QE). To achieve the expected performance, the detector geometry must be produced in precise specification. In particular, the height of the diffractive elements (DE) and the thickness of the active resonator must be uniformly and accurately realized to within 0.05 lm accuracy and the substrates of the detectors have to be removed totally. To achieve these specifications, two optimized inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching processes are developed. Using these etching techniques, we have fabricated a number of R-QWIP test detectors and FPAs with the required dimensions and completely removed the substrates of the test detectors and FPAs. Their QE spectra were tested to be in close agreement with the theoretical predictions. The operability and spectral non-uniformity of the FPA is about 99.57% and 3% respectively.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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QWIP status and future trends at Thales

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

The Historical Development of Infrared Photodetection Based on Intraband Transitions

The Historical Development of Infrared Photodetection Based on Intraband Transitions

Airborne Optical and Thermal Remote Sensing for Wildfire Detection and Monitoring

Advanced inductively coupled plasma etching processes for fabrication of resonator-quantum well infrared photodetector

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