Racemic-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic Acid for Inorganic Mercury Mobilization in Rats

Kostial, Krista; Restek-Samaržija, Nada; Blanuša, Maja; Piasek, Martina; Prester, Ljerka; Jones, Mark M.; Singh, Pramod K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199701)17:1<71::aid-jat395>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…They found that racemic form is significantly more effective in reducing femur, carcass and kidney lead levels than meso-DMSA. Similar study was performed to compare these two isoforms of DMSA in mobilizing inorganic mercury in rats [100]. It was found that rac-DMSA decreases kidney retention of mercury more efficiently than meso-DMSA even at lower doses.…”

Section: Derivatives Of Bal: Dmps Dmsa and Its Monoand Dialkylestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelators as Antidotes of Metal Toxicity: Therapeutic and Experimental Aspects

Blanuša¹,

Varnai²,

Piasek³

et al. 2005

CMC

240

150

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The effects of chelating drugs used clinically as antidotes to metal toxicity are reviewed. Human exposure to a number of metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese, aluminum, iron, copper, thallium, arsenic, chromium, nickel and platinum may lead to toxic effects, which are different for each metal. Similarly the pharmacokinetic data, clinical use and adverse effects of most of the chelating drugs used in human metal poisoning are also different for each chelating drug. The chelating drugs with worldwide application are dimercaprol (BAL), succimer (meso-DMSA), unithiol (DMPS), D-penicillamine (DPA), N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (NAPA), calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaNa(2)EDTA), calcium trisodium or zinc trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (CaNa(3)DTPA, ZnNa(3)DTPA), deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (L1), triethylenetetraamine (trientine), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Prussian blue (PB). Several new synthetic homologues and experimental chelating agents have been designed and tested in vivo for their metal binding effects. These include three groups of synthetic chelators, namely the polyaminopolycarboxylic acids (EDTA and DTPA), the derivatives of BAL (DMPS, DMSA and mono- and dialkylesters of DMSA) and the carbodithioates. Many factors have been shown to affect the efficacy of the chelation treatment in metal poisoning. Within this context it has been shown in experiments using young and adult animals that metal toxicity and chelation effects could be influenced by age. These findings may have a bearing in the design of new therapeutic chelation protocols for metal toxicity.

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Section: Derivatives Of Bal: Dmps Dmsa and Its Monoand Dialkylestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelators as Antidotes of Metal Toxicity: Therapeutic and Experimental Aspects

Blanuša¹,

Varnai²,

Piasek³

et al. 2005

CMC

240

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Without treatment, the children would be expected to undergo a much slower diuresis, with steadily declining urine mercury levels over a period that is consistent with the half-life of metallic mercury (roughly 1-2 months) (22). These data are also consistent with previous studies that showed DMSA to be efficacious in the treatment of mercury poisoning in both animals and humans (19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cluster of pediatric metallic mercury exposure cases treated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)

Forman

Moline

Cernichiari

et al. 2000

Environ Health Perspect

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Nine children and their mother were exposed to vapors of metallic mercury. The source of the exposure appears to have been a 6-oz vial of mercury taken from a neighbor's home. The neighbor reportedly operated a business preparing mercury-filled amulets for practitioners of the Afro-Caribbean religion Santeria. At diagnosis, urinary mercury levels in the children ranged from 61 to 1,213 microg/g creatinine, with a geometric mean of 214.3 microg/m creatinine. All of the children were asymptomatic. To prevent development of neurotoxicity, we treated the children with oral meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). During chelation, the geometric mean urine level rose initially by 268% to 573.2 microg mercury/g creatinine (p<0.0005). At the 6-week follow-up examination after treatment, the geometric mean urine mercury level had fallen to 102.1 microg/g creatinine, which was 17.8% of the geometric mean level observed during treatment (p<0.0005) and 47.6% of the original baseline level (p<0.001). Thus, oral chelation with DMSA produced a significant mercury diuresis in these children. We observed no adverse side effects of treatment. DMSA appears to be an effective and safe chelating agent for treatment of pediatric overexposure to metallic mercury. Images Figure 1

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“…Furthermore, rac-DMSA also was found to have a greater solubility in water and in inorganic solvents and an enhanced lipophilic property compared with meso-DMSA, which increases cell permeability. All this increases the efficiency of rac-DMSA but also increases its toxicity [10,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous experiments, when only meso-or rac-DMSA was administered, we also found rac-DMSA to be more efficient than meso-DMSA in reducing lead or mercury retention [10,20]. To avoid its higher toxicity, when combining these two chelators, we tried to use rac-DMSA only once at the beginning of the treatment and obtained better results in organ clearance of inorganic mercury than by using only meso-DMSA [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%