Racial differences in hemoglobin and plasma volume variation: implications for muscle performance and recovery

Abstract

This study demonstrated that sprint and repeated sprint performances were different between white and black women. Differences in anaerobic performance between the groups were associated with racial differences in lactate levels and blood count among women's group during recovery time. Hence, it is important to take into account this race-related difference in hematological parameters in responses to intense efforts.

The Effects of Exercise Training on Plasma Volume Variations: A Systematic Review

“…Consistent reports on the effect of acute exercise on PVV have been shown, where, despite the status of participants and the exercise duration or intensity, significant decreases of PV are demonstrated 16 19 21 22 33 43 44 50 . In adult male subjects, Berthoin et al 21 50 and Zouhal et al 19 reported a significant reduction in PV from baseline after very strenuous exercise.…”

“…▶Table 2 illustrates characteristics of the 9 acute and 21 long-term studies. The 15 acute studies [16,19,21,22,33,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] were performed in 6 different countries (France, Japan, Canada, Brazil, United States and United Kingdom) and involved 269 participants. Different kinds of exercise activities (walking, cycling and running) with different durations (30s to > 1 h) and intensities (maximal and supramaximal) were used.…”

“…The 25 included long-term studies were classified as ‘high-quality’ studies (mean 6.7 in the PEDro scale score), and only six studies were classified as ‘low-quality’ study (mean 3.8 in the PEDro scale score) 1 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 ( Table 3 ). A total of 474 participants underwent exercise-training programs and completed the studies.…”

“…▶Table 6 depicted the 15 studies that investigated the effects of long-term exercise training PVV in trained individuals. Seven studies observed a significant increase of PV (4.6-10 %; effect size: 0.15 < d < 1.35, small to large) in moderately or highly trained individuals, men and women in response to endurance training [34,55,62,63], HIIT [16,33] and combined training [43]. Three studies observed no significant changes of PV in response to an in-terval walking training (5 sets at high intensity ( > 70 % VO 2peak ) and slow at 40 % VO 2peak ) in active men and women [45], or to sprint training in untrained men [57], or to endurance altitude training (21 nights living at simulated high altitude, 3000 M) in men and women endurance trained athletes [63], or to HIIT at 90-95 % HR max in well-trained sport students [64] (effect size: 0.22 < d < 2.79, small to large) or to weightlifting in trained men [65] and to altitude training in men and women world class endurance athletes [66].…”

Combined sprint and resistance training abrogates age differences in somatotropic hormones

“…As increased aerobic capacity is associated with increased blood lactate during intense efforts[ 54 , 74 ], the higher blood lactate observed in trained groups may be due to increased ATP hydrolysis leading to greater lactate efflux in the plasma compartment as supported previously [ 53 , 75 ].…”