“…Clearly, the failure probability p is equal to the mean of X. That is,
For estimating the failure probability p, randomized algorithms have been implemented in a widely used software package RACT [22], in which an absolute error criterion is used for estimating p. Specifically, for a priori ɛ, δ ∈ (0, 1), the objective is to obtain an estimator
such that
holds regardless of the value of the p ∈ (0, 1). The estimator is defined as
where N is the sample size and Δ 1 , Δ 2 , ⋯, Δ N are i.i.d.…”