Radial variability of fibrovascular bundle properties of salacca (Salacca zalacca) fronds cultivated on Turi Agrotourism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim L, Widyorini R, Nugroho WD, Prayitno TA. 2021. Radial variability of fibrovascular bundle properties of salacca (Salacca zalacca) fronds cultivated on Turi Agrotourism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3594-3603. Fibrovascular bundles have properties variability not only based on species and varieties but also parts of species. This study, therefore, aims to characterize the FVB fundamental properties (anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical) of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss fronds, based on radial direction. The salacca fronds were divided into three parts, outer, middle as well as inner positions. Then the FVB's anatomical and physical properties were observed by light microscope and gravimetry analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, the variability of chemical and mechanical properties was investigated based on the ASTM standard. According to the results, the outer position has a higher variability of diameter, density, cellulose, lignin, and mechanical properties than the inner position, but has a lower hemicellulose value than the middle and inner position. Furthermore, the relationships between the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were discovered to form a pattern where increasing the mechanical properties is influenced by density and ratio vascular tissue area to total transverse area. Based on the results, the fibrovascular bundle of S. zalacca frond was concluded to possess anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties variability on the radial direction. There was a correlation between anatomical properties and mechanical properties.

Local economic development strategies to increase economic growth in agrotourism areas

“…Odmiany opracowuje się w celu podniesienia jakości produkcji tych owoców, która obecnie cały czas spada. Przyczynia się to również do poprawy standardu życia miejscowej ludności (Hakim, Widyorini, Nugroho, Prayitno, 2021).…”

“…Development is being carried out in order to improve the quality of strawberry production that presently continues to decline. It also helps to improve the standard of living of the natives there (Hakim, Widyorini, Nugroho, Prayitno, 2021).…”

Performance of Citric Acid-Bonded Oriented Board from Modified Fibrovascular Bundle of Salacca (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) Frond

“…The fibrovascular bundle extracted from the S. zalacca frond was used as a raw material for the manufacture of oriented board. The extraction was based on Hakim et al’s study [ 20 ], and the bundles were cut 25 cm in length before chemical treatment ( Figure 1 ). The chemical solution was modified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) anhydride and sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ).…”

“…The mechanical properties were determined using a universal testing machine (UTM Tensilon RTF 1350, Tokyo, Japan), with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Before the test, the supporting paper’s middle part was cut out, and the test mounting was carried out according to the method proposed by Hakim et al [ 1 , 20 ] ( Figure 2 ). In addition, the density of the modified FVB was measured based on the method described by Munawar et al [ 22 ].…”

Local Economic Development Strategies to Accelerate Sustainable Economic Growth

“…Development is carried out in order to improve the quality of strawberry production that continues to decline. It also helps to improve the standard of living of the natives there [3]. East Java's Jember Regency retains the atmosphere of rural agriculture while storing a wealth of natural resources.…”