Radial wood allocation in<i>Schizolobium parahyba</i>

Williamson, G. Bruce; Wiemann, Michael C.; Geaghan, James P.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1100516

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…; Woodcock & Shier ; Nock et al . ; Williamson & Wiemann , ; Williamson, Wiemann & Geaghan ; Schüller, Martínez‐Ramos & Hietz ). Tree species with low WSG as juveniles may be more likely to persist throughout succession if they invest in higher density wood as they grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As young forests develop, individuals of many tree species gradually shift to produce denser wood, revealed by marked radial increases in WSG from pith to bark (Wiemann & Williamson 1988, 1989aNock et al 2009). Variation in WSG across the stem radius has been investigated for select species in several tropical forests (Butterfield et al 1993;Woodcock & Shier 2002;Nock et al 2009;Williamson & Wiemann 2010bWilliamson, Wiemann & Geaghan 2012;Sch€ uller, Mart ınez-Ramos & Hietz 2013). Tree species with low WSG as juveniles may be more likely to persist throughout succession if they invest in higher density wood as they grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial changes in wood specific gravity of tropical trees: inter‐ and intraspecific variation during secondary succession

2014

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Summary1. Variation in wood specific gravity (WSG) within and across species of tropical trees is poorly studied in relation to vegetation change during tropical forest succession. We investigated WSG of 91 species in eight long-term plots along a successional chronosequence in north-eastern Costa Rica. 2. Radial changes in WSG were described by the rate of change (slope) along the stem radius. Significant radial changes were found in 42 of 74 species, with 37 species exhibiting increases from inner to outer wood, and five exhibiting decreases. Radial increases were commonly observed in species with inner WSG below 0Á5, whereas radial decreases were observed in species with inner WSG above 0Á7. 3. Wood specific gravity weighted by cross-sectional area (wWSG) varied four-fold among species. Species classified as second-growth specialists had lower wWSG, lower inner and outer WSG, and higher slopes than old-growth specialists; successional generalists showed intermediate trait values. 4. Among 18 species sampled in both second-and old-growth forests, four species (22%) showed significant variation in wWSG between forest types. Of 33 widely sampled species, seven species (21%) showed a significant effect of stem diameter on wWSG. 5. Second-growth plots had lower stand-level wWSG and more pronounced radial increases than old-growth plots. Individual tree biomass for species with radial increases and low WSG was substantially underestimated when based on unweighted WSG compared with wWSG. 6. Wood specific gravity varied with successional stage at multiple levels: within species, among successional specialist groups, and across plots of varying ages. Radial increases in WSG are common among trees in early and intermediate stages of tropical forest succession. This trait may confer growth advantages early in succession and increased resistance to physical or biotic damage during later successional stages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial changes in wood specific gravity of tropical trees: inter‐ and intraspecific variation during secondary succession

2014

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“…It grows in tropical forests and has been planted extensively in reforestation projects from the Amazon Basin south to São Paulo [36]. SP is popularly known as faveira, guapuruvú or umbela, and healers and shamans have traditionally used SP infusions as natural medicines for treating snakebite envenoming [37]–[39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Schizolobium parahyba Extract on Experimental Bothrops Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

et al. 2014

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BackgroundVenom-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of Bothrops snakebite with relevant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Schizolobium parahyba (SP) extract, a natural medicine with presumed anti-Bothrops venom effects, in an experimental model of Bothrops jararaca venom (BV)-induced AKI.MethodologyGroups of 8 to 10 rats received infusions of 0.9% saline (control, C), SP 2 mg/kg, BV 0.25 mg/kg and BV immediately followed by SP (treatment, T) in the doses already described. After the respective infusions, animals were assessed for their glomerular filtration rate (GFR, inulin clearance), renal blood flow (RBF, Doppler), blood pressure (BP, intra-arterial transducer), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary osmolality (UO, freezing point), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, kinetic method), hematocrit (Hct, microhematocrit), fibrinogen (Fi, Klauss modified) and blinded renal histology (acute tubular necrosis score).Principal FindingsBV caused significant decreases in GFR, RBF, UO, HcT and Fi; significant increases in RVR, NGAL and LDH; and acute tubular necrosis. SP did not prevent these changes; instead, it caused a significant decrease in GFR when used alone.ConclusionSP administered simultaneously with BV, in an approximate 10∶1 concentration, did not prevent BV-induced AKI, hemolysis and fibrinogen consumption. SP used alone caused a decrease in GFR.

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“…However, such a small sample is useful only if it is representative of wood across the tree bole. For some species this may be the case, but for many others SG varies dramatically across the radius (Whitmore 1973;Wiemann and Williamson 1988, 1989aWilliamson et al 2012). Radial variation in SG is sufficiently extensive that it merits consideration in the prediction of physical or mechanical properties as well as in the estimation of biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, each species could be characterized, not simply by an SG value, but by a function between SG and radial distance. However, radial increases in SG appear to be determined by age, not tree diameter (de Castro et al 1993;Nock et al 2009;Wiemann 2010b, 2011;Williamson et al 2012). Consequently, determining radial variation may require boring many individuals from bark to pith.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Determination Using Wood Specific Gravity from Increment Cores

Wiemann¹,

Williamson²

2013

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The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) of any product or service.The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. AbstractWood specific gravity (SG) is one of the most important variables used to determine biomass. Measurement of SG is problematic because it requires tedious, and often difficult, sampling of wood from standing trees. Sampling is complicated because the SG usually varies nonrandomly within trees, resulting in systematic errors. Off-center pith and hollow or decayed stems pose further problems in biomass estimation. When the pattern of variation within a tree is known, as it often is for a given species, the sampling procedure can be greatly simplified by sampling wood that approximates a mean value for the tree. Even when a pattern is not known, a representative approximation can produce reasonable estimates of SG. If whole above-ground woody biomass is required, corrections may be necessary to account for differences with height or in branches.

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Radial wood allocation inSchizolobium parahyba

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Radial changes in wood specific gravity of tropical trees: inter‐ and intraspecific variation during secondary succession

Radial changes in wood specific gravity of tropical trees: inter‐ and intraspecific variation during secondary succession

Effects of Schizolobium parahyba Extract on Experimental Bothrops Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Biomass Determination Using Wood Specific Gravity from Increment Cores

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