Radiation damage to the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management

Hauer‐Jensen, Martin; Wang, Junru; Boerma, Marjan; Fu, Qiang; Denham, James W.

doi:10.1097/spc.0b013e3281108014

Cited by 123 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The damage caused by radiation on gastrointestinal mucosal barrier is the most important dose limiting factor in abdominopelvic radiotherapy for cancer treatment 9,16 . This clinical tableu may appear with severe symptoms such as diarrhea, tenesmus and rectal bleeding 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent literature showed that, a significantly increase in the bacterial overgrowth and translocation by destroying the intestinal mucosal barrier and affecting intestinal peristaltic movement is seen in the abdominal region affected by radiation 4,8 . This complication can be seen approximately in 10-15% of the patients after abdominal radiation theraphy and is the most important limiting factor for the radiotherapy dose in the abdominopelvic region 9 .…”

Section: Radiation Was First Described By Willhelm Conradmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of amifostine on bacterial translocation after radiation ınduced acute enteritis

et al. 2016

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PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of amifostine on bacterial translocation and overgrowth in colonic flora after acute radiation enteritis in a rat model. METHODS:Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Group-1 (n=8): only normal saline was administered intraperitoneally. Group-2 (n=8): first serum saline was administered intraperitoneally and 30 minutes later 20 Gy radiation was applied to abdominopelvic region. Group-3 (n=8): only amifostine 200 ml/kg was administered intraperitoneally and radiation was not applied.Group-4 (n=8): first amifostine 200 ml/kg was administered intraperitoneally and 30 minutes later 20 Gy radiation was applied to abdominopelvic region. On the 5th day after radiation, samples of mesenteric lymph tissues and cecal contents were taken by laparotomy for microbiological culture. RESULTS:Intraperitoneal amifostine administration significantly decreased the bacterial overgrowth related to radiation in colon but did not significantly decrease the bacterial translocation. CONCLUSİON:Although not providing a full protection on the damaged mucosal barrier, amifostine significantly decreased the bacterial overgrowth in the cecal content after high dose radiation. There is a need to find out appropriate amifostine dose under different radiation applications avoiding bacterial translocation in gastrointestinal system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Was First Described By Willhelm Conradmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of amifostine on bacterial translocation after radiation ınduced acute enteritis

et al. 2016

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“…The GI tract is among the most radiosensitive organ systems in the body owing to the high rate of turnover of mucosal and intestinal cells. In addition to the intestinal epithelium crypt, radiation exposure damages supporting structures such as endocrine glands of the GI tract (14). The GI tract has been considered the largest endocrine organ because of its complement of endocrine cells, which produce a variety of peptides that are involved in GI motility, secretion, absorption, growth and development (15).…”

Section: Ars and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin as a Novel Therapy for Radiation Combined Injury

Jacob

Shah

et al. 2010

Mol Med

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The threat of nuclear terrorism has led to growing worldwide concern about exposure to radiation. Acute radiation syndrome, or radiation sickness, develops after whole-body or a partial-body irradiation with a high dose of radiation. In the terrorist radiation exposure scenario, however, radiation victims likely suffer from additional injuries such as trauma, burns, wounds or sepsis. Thus, high-dose radiation injuries and appropriate therapeutic interventions must be studied. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of radiation injury, very little information is available on the therapeutic approaches to radiation combined injury. In this review, we describe briefly the pathological consequences of ionizing radiation and provide an overview of the animal models of radiation combined injury. We highlight the combined radiation and sepsis model we recently established and suggest the use of ghrelin, a novel gastrointestinal hormone, as a potential therapy for radiation combined injury.

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“…The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the body. Radiation exposure damages the intestinal crypts and endocrine glands of the GI tract (Hauer-Jensen, Wang, Boerma, Fu, & Denham, 2007). Early radiation enteropathy occurs during radiotherapy as a result of intestinal crypts cell death, lacking the villus epithelium replacement and mucosal inflammation processes (Hauer-Jensen, Denham, & Andreyev, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates gamma rays-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine of rats

El-Hady¹,

Gewefel²,

Badawi³

et al. 2017

JoBAZ

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Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the role of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in modulating histopathological and biochemical disturbances in the rat's small intestine following gamma radiation exposure. Results:The results showed that whole body gamma irradiation (6 Gy) of rats induced mucosal damage, hemorrhage, increased cellularity of the lamina propria layer with areas of complete ulcerations. Histopathological changes were associated with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). In parallel, a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities was demonstrated. Administration of GABA (200 mg/kg body weight GABA daily via gastric gavage for three consecutive weeks) after irradiation of rats has significantly improved the oxidant/antioxidant status which was associated with regeneration of the small intestinal cell structure. Conclusion: Gastric administration of GABA was found to offer an advantageous treatment against gamma irradiation-induced small intestine oxidative stress in rats, probably by utilizing ameliorative effects via its antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. Its mechanisms need to be further investigated.

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Radiation damage to the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management

Cited by 123 publications

References 68 publications

The effect of amifostine on bacterial translocation after radiation ınduced acute enteritis

The effect of amifostine on bacterial translocation after radiation ınduced acute enteritis

Ghrelin as a Novel Therapy for Radiation Combined Injury

Gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates gamma rays-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine of rats

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