Radiation produced by the LEP superconducting RF cavities

Silari, M.; Agosteo, S.; Gaborit, J.C.; Ulrici, L.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00455-6

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These data, for cw superconducting cavities running at an accelerating field of about 6 MV/m, also find that radiation dose is proportional to E 9.6 [8].…”

Section: Other Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 57%

The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities

Norem

Moretti

Popovic

2001

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities is very important for the instrumentation of the MUCOOL experiment, since large fluxes of x rays and dark current electrons can interfere with the operation of the muon detectors. We have measured the x ray and dark current spectra from a single cell, 1.3 GHz, and are beginning to make more extensive measurements of a multicelled 805 MHz cavity. The results are consistent with electron field emission, bremsstrahlung and photon absorption/scattering. We discuss ways of minimizing this background and the scaling of these results to other cavities.

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“…These data, for cw superconducting cavities running at an accelerating field of about 6 MV/m, also find that radiation dose is proportional to E 9.6 [8].…”

Section: Other Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 57%

The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities

Norem

Moretti

Popovic

2001

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…These tests required preventing access to the given section of the tunnel, as stray electrons accelerated in the cavities and striking their structure produced a very intense X-ray radiation with energy extending to several MeV [36]. Adequate protection to allow access to the adjacent arc during shutdown periods was provided by the mazes installed in 1996 for shielding synchrotron radiation during LEP operation.…”

Section: Iiie the Large Electron Positron Collider (Lep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A (CERN) History of Accelerator Shielding

Silari

2009

Nuclear Technology

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This paper provides an historical overview of accelerator shielding of accelerator shielding studies at CERN. CERN accelerators and the related shielding problems span 50 years of history and cover all major aspects which can be encountered in accelerator radiation protection. Namely: various accelerated particles (electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, heavy ions), a wide range of energies, from a few MeV/u of the present ion injector linac to the 7 TeV of the Large Hadron Collider now coming into operation, several types of primary and secondary beams (including pions, muons and neutrinos), beam intensities, and type of accelerators, from the 600 MeV synchrocyclotron of the mid-fifties to proton and ion linacs, synchrotrons providing extracted beams for fixed-target physics (the PS booster, the PS and the SPS), an electron-positron collider (LEP), proton-proton colliders (the ISR and the LHC) as well as a proton synchrotron converted into a collider (the SPS in the mid-eighties). CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 27 May 2008 O R G A N I S A T I O N E U R O P E E N N E P O U R L A R E C H E R C H E N U C L E A I R E E U R O P E A N O R G A N I Z A T I O N F O R N U C L E A R R E S E A R C H L a b o r a t o i r e E u r o p é e n p o u r l a P h y s i q u e d e s P a r t i c u l e s E u r o p e a n L a b o r a t o r y f o r P a r t i c l e P h y s i c s 2 A (CERN) HISTORY OF ACCELERATOR SHIELDING

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“…Therefore it is not easy to predict neither the intensity of the emitted radiation nor the expected amount of radioactivity induced in the surrounding structures. To cope with this lack of predictability, photon and neutron measurements were performed at CERN on several superconducting units (both single cavities and 4-cavity modules) during their conditioning before installation in LEP (16) . The measurements have shown a sharp increase in the radiation emission when the electric field is raised from about 6 MV/m to about 8.5 MV/m (Fig.…”

Section: Induced Radioactivity In Superconducting Rf Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Induced Radioactivity at High-Energy Electron Accelerators

Fassó

Silari

Ulrici

2000

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Radioactive nuclides are produced at high-energy electron accelerators by different kinds of particle interactions with accelerator components and shielding structures. Radioactivity can also be induced in air, cooling fluids, soil and groundwater. The physical reactions involved include spallations due to the hadronic component of electromagnetic showers, photonuclear reactions by intermediate energy photons and low-energy neutron capture. Although the amount of induced radioactivity is less important than that of proton accelerators by about two orders of magnitude, reliable methods to predict induced radioactivity distributions are essential in order to assess the environmental impact of a facility and to plan its decommissioning. Conventional techniques used so far are reviewed, and a new integrated approach is presented, based on an extension of methods used at proton accelerators and on the unique capability of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code to handle the whole joint electromagnetic and hadronic cascade, scoring residual nuclei produced by all relevant particles. The radiation aspects related to the operation of superconducting RF cavities are also addressed.

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Radiation produced by the LEP superconducting RF cavities

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities

The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities

A (CERN) History of Accelerator Shielding

Predicting Induced Radioactivity at High-Energy Electron Accelerators

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