Raindrop Size Distribution in Different Climatic Regimes from Disdrometer and Dual-Polarized Radar Analysis

Bringi, V. N.; Chandrasekar, V.; Hubbert, J.; Gorgucci, E.; Randeu, Walter; Schoenhuber, M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:rsdidc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 586 publications

(886 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As shown in Figures 1(a) and (b), at Gadanki the wind flow in the SW monsoon is over the continent, while in the NE monsoon it is over the ocean (Bay of Bengal). Therefore, the rainfall and DSD are mostly continental and oceanic in nature during SW and NE monsoon seasons, respectively, consistent with the observations of Kozu et al (2006) (Tokay et al, 2002;Rosenfeld and Ulbrich, 2003;Bringi et al, 2003;Ulbrich and Atlas, 2007). For instance, during moderate to heavy rain (R > 10 mm hr −1 ), 80% of the D m population at Gadanki is in the range 1.5-2.6 and 1.3-2.2 mm in the SW and NE monsoons, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Several possible reasons for the observed differences in DSD are examined, including instrumental problems to geophysical mechanisms. From the observed wind field and similarities in the distribution (and the range) of D m during the SW (NE) monsoon and continental (oceanic) DSD elsewhere (Tokay et al, 2002;Bringi et al, 2003;Rosenfeld and Ulbrich, 2003;Ulbrich and Atlas, 2007), it is considered that the rain DSD at Gadanki in the SW and NE monsoons are, respectively, continental and oceanic in nature. Except for the first study mentioned above, all other studies used ensembles of rain DSDs collected from several geographical locations with an assumption that all oceanic (continental) DSD are influenced by similar microphysical processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Rao

Radhakrishna

Nakamura

et al. 2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) are studied during the southwest (SW) and northeast (NE) monsoon seasons using 4 1/2 years of DSD measurements made at Gadanki (13.5 • N, 79.2 • E) by an impact-type disdrometer. The observed DSD is found to be distinctly different in the NE monsoon from that of the SW monsoon. The stratified DSD (based on rain rate) shows more small drops and fewer bigger drops in the NE monsoon than in the SW monsoon, particularly in the low rain rate regime. This feature is not an anomalous one, rather observed consistently in all the years. The diurnal variation of DSD (in terms of mass-weighted mean diameter, D m ) plots in both monsoons show large values of D m in the evening hours. Several possible reasons, from instrumental problems to geophysical mechanisms, for the observed DSD differences are examined. The wind field and the range of D m values indicate that the DSDs in the SW and NE monsoons are continental and oceanic in nature, respectively. Further, high temperature and intense convective activity (vigorous updraughts) in the SW monsoon modify the DSD through evaporation, drop sorting, and collision-coalescence processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Rao

Radhakrishna

Nakamura

et al. 2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…DSD measure-ments carried out around the world show that they vary both spatially and temporally and over a wide range (e.g., Bringi et al 2003;Uijlenhoet et al 2003;Ulbrich and Atlas 2007;Lee et al 2009;Radhakrishna et al 2009;Marzano et al 2010;Niu et al 2010;Thurai et al 2010;Tokay and Bashor 2010;). The differences in DSD characteristics have been found to be associated with precipitation types, atmospheric conditions, and geographical locations or climatic regimes (Rosenfeld and Ulbrich 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China

Chen

Yang

2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

153

191

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Characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) during the Meiyu season are studied using ground-based disdrometer measurements carried out in eastern China (Nanjing) from 2009 to 2011. The observational spectra are divided into convective and stratiform types. The results show that the histograms of the logarithm of the generalized intercept parameter (log10NW) and mass-weighted mean diameter of raindrops (Dm) are negatively and positively skewed, respectively, for both convective and stratiform rain. The absolute value of the skewness coefficient is higher for convective rain than for stratiform rain, in particular for the log10NW distribution. The mean log10NW and Dm values are 3.80 and 1.71 mm for convective rain and 3.45 and 1.30 mm for stratiform rain, respectively. The shape (μ)̶slope (Λ) relationship of the gamma distribution and the radar reflectivity (Z)̶rain rate (R) relationship are also derived for convective rain. The Z̶R relationship is found to be Z = 368R 1.21 . The interpretation of the statistical parameters obtained in this study and possible mechanisms that yield difference and similarity in comparison with those in previous studies are discussed.

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“…H.-L. Kim et al: Dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation in Korea widely used to study the DSD variability especially as a function of the rainfall rate (Bringi et al, 2003). Polarimetric parameters are sensitive to the DSD properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DSDs variability affects the accuracy of radar-derived rainfall (Maki et al, 2005). Many earlier studies have explained the variability in the DSD by evoking both different storm types and climatic regimes, and variations of the DSD are known to be caused by climatological and physical factors (e.g., Ulbrich, 1983;Tokay and Short, 1996;Bringi et al, 2003). Variations in time and space of the DSD are associated with changes in microphysical processes such as evaporation, break-up, coalescence, and condensation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation in Korea according to raindrop shapes obtained by using a 2-D video disdrometer

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Polarimetric measurements are sensitive to the sizes, concentrations, orientations, and shapes of raindrops. Thus, rainfall rates calculated from polarimetric radar are influenced by the raindrop shapes and canting. The mean raindrop shape can be obtained from long-term raindrop size distribution (DSD) observations, and the shapes of raindrops can play an important role in polarimetric rainfall algorithms based on differential reflectivity (Z DR ) and specific differential phase (K DP ). However, the mean raindrop shape is associated with the variation of the DSD, which can change depending on precipitation types and climatic regimes. Furthermore, these relationships have not been studied extensively on the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we present a method to find optimal polarimetric rainfall algorithms for the Korean Peninsula by using data provided by both a twodimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) and the Bislsan Sband dual-polarization radar. First, a new axis-ratio relation was developed to improve radar rainfall estimations. Second, polarimetric rainfall algorithms were derived by using different axis-ratio relations. The rain gauge data were used to represent the ground truth situation, and the estimated radar-point hourly mean rain rates obtained from the different polarimetric rainfall algorithms were compared with the hourly rain rates measured by a rain gauge. The daily calibration biases of horizontal reflectivity (Z H ) and differential reflectivity (Z DR ) were calculated by comparing Z H and Z DR radar measurements with the same parameters simulated by the 2DVD. Overall, the derived new axis ratio was similar to the existing axis ratio except for both small particles (≤ 2 mm) and large particles (≥ 5.5 mm). The shapes of raindrops obtained by the new axis-ratio relation carried out with the 2DVD were more oblate than the shapes obtained by the existing relations. The combined polarimetric rainfall relations using Z DR and K DP were more efficient than the single-parameter rainfall relation for estimated 2DVD rainfall; however, the R(Z H , Z DR ) algorithm showed the best performance for radar rainfall estimations, because the rainfall events used in the analysis consisted mainly of weak precipitation and K DP is relatively noisy at lower rain rates (≤ 10 mm h −1 ). Some of the polarimetric rainfall algorithms can be further improved by new axis-ratio relations.

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Raindrop Size Distribution in Different Climatic Regimes from Disdrometer and Dual-Polarized Radar Analysis

Cited by 586 publications

References 40 publications

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China

Dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation in Korea according to raindrop shapes obtained by using a 2-D video disdrometer

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