Raman Investigations of Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films (A Short Review)

Abstract

Cu In Se2 thin films are very important semiconductor material for solar cell applications because of chemical stability, direct band gap and high optical absorption coefficient. In this work, these films have been prepared by using different deposition techniques such as electrodeposition, solvothermal, vacuum evaporation, hydrothermal and pulsed electrode position technique. Cu In Se2 thin films were fully characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Raman spectroscopy in order to study physical properties.

Pigments in Ancient Manuscripts and Paintings Brought to Life by Raman Spectroscopy: A Short Review

“…In the past four decades Raman spectroscopy has emerged as the most notable instrumentation method in the field of art, archaeology and heritage architecture. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In addition to its other numerous applications, 7,8 it has obtained widespread implementations in the identification of pigments, dyes and binders in paintings, wall-arts, frescoes and manuscripts, study of archaeological sites, analysis of gemstones, glass, fibres, papers, ceramics, pottery, ink and various other substances. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Raman spectroscopy was discovered by Sir C. V. Raman in 1928, 19 but its extensive employment in art and archaeology began with the appearance of Molecular Optical Laser Examiner (MOLE) Raman microprobe in 1975.…”