“…This explains why heuristic methods, based on the greedy paradigm (Esau and Williams, 1966;Chow and Kershenbaum, 1974;Gavish and Altinkemer, 1986), neighborhood exploration (Amberg et al, 1996;Sharaiha et al, 1997;Ahuja et al, 2001;Souza et al, 2003), or dynamic programming (Gouveia and Paixão, 1991), have been widely used. More recent heuristics include the second-order algorithm of Martins (2007), in which subproblems of the original problem including a set of constraints are solved with the Essau Williams heuristic, the heuristic of Rego et al (2010), which projects dual solutions into the primal feasible space and obtains primal feasible solutions by simple tabu searches and metaheuristics such as the ant colony algorithm by Reimann and Laumanns (2006) or the filter-and-fan algorithm by Rego and Mathew (2011).…”