Random Access for Underwater Acoustic Cellular Systems

Pec, Rothna; Khan, Mohammed Saquib; Asim, Muhammad; Cho, Yong-Soo

doi:10.3390/s18020432

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It would be helpful for many underwater handover researches in the future. In addition, this research possibly can be applied to the practical IoUT network that we are currently working for a huge project supported by Korean government [40]- [44]. Numerous research institutes, universities, and global IT companies such as SK Telecom are involved in this on-going project for commercialization of IoUT applications [47], [48].…”

Section: ) Researches About the Previous Underwater Handover Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many kinds of model are possible, we present a practical system model composed of UBSCs (Underwater Base Station Controllers), UBSs (Underwater Base Stations), and the SN (Sensor Node). This system model is designed and implemented for commercial IoUT applications in South Korea [40]- [44]. Numerous research institutes, universities, and global IT companies including SK Telecom have been involved in this large research project for several years.…”

Section: Proposed Underwater Handover Procedures With Zero Scannimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intelligent Handover Prediction Based on Locational Priority With Zero Scanning for the Internet of Underwater Things

Park

2020

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is becoming clear that the maritime industry is expected to see considerable growth over the coming years, and the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) could have an essential role to play in its technological development. In this regard, because batteries are the main power source in underwater environments, there is a clear need to minimize the consumption of energy. In addition, underwater links that make use of acoustic soundwaves can cause relatively long propagation delays. In our proposed scheme, we focus on the initial connection procedure between sensor nodes and underwater base stations to tackle these environmental problems, in which the former estimates the signal strength of the latter. From local information measured during the initial network entry phase, underwater sensor nodes determine locational priority of candidate targets, but do not scan or measure the signal strength of other neighbouring underwater base stations as a means of keeping the power consumption to an absolute minimum. This can be considered an appropriate scenario for use in severely battery-limited environments such as IoUT. Based on analysis using machine learning, we obtain meaningful clues regarding the procedure for handover prediction without channel measurement. By removing the overhead from the channel measurement, the power consumption of the underwater things can be minimized. Two different methods of deciding on handover priority are suggested and analysed mathematically. The performance of each method is evaluated through intensive system-level simulations and compared to that of a more conventional scheme.

show abstract

Section: ) Researches About the Previous Underwater Handover Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Underwater Handover Procedures With Zero Scannimentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Handover Prediction Based on Locational Priority With Zero Scanning for the Internet of Underwater Things

Park

2020

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In RF communication systems, there have been many works on modulating the preamble signals to carry extra information, including but not limited to control signals, beam and cell IDs, and authentication messages [33], [34], [35], [36]. In underwater communications, few works have considered modulating the preamble signals, such as Asim et al [37] and Rothan et al [38], who proposed embedding user IDs and cell IDs, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Latency Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Ghazy

Kaddoum

Singh³

2023

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Underwater acoustic cluster networks (UACNs) are commonly used due to their adaptability in dynamic underwater environments. While the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol was initially designed for radio frequency (RF) cluster networks, it has also been applied to UACNs. However, the LEACH protocol uses lengthy overheads per packet due to its use of global or wide-scale IDs, leading to increased communication latency and energy usage per packet. To address this issue, we propose the low-latency low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (L 3 EACH) protocol. The L 3 EACH protocol is a comprehensive framework that integrates ID assignment, time slot reservation, packet routing, and selfnetwork organization. The protocol uses shorter overheads by assigning local IDs instead of global or widescale IDs. It assigns unique IDs to nodes within a cluster and reassigns the same IDs to nodes in other clusters, i.e., spatial ID reuse. The protocol also allocates IDs and time slots on demand to maximize network resources. To further enhance the protocol, we introduce the L 3 EACH-Version 2 (L 3 EACH-V2) protocol, which modulates the preamble bits to embed the IDs in the overhead rather than inserting extra bits. We also provide the computational complexity of the L 3 EACH-V2 protocol. Compared to the DIVE protocol, the L 3 EACH protocol reduces the ID length and average energy per packet by 50% and 13%, respectively. Furthermore, the L 3 EACH-V2 protocol reduces the average energy per packet by 27% and increases the network throughput by 16% compared to the L 3 EACH protocol, making it an efficient and scalable solution, especially, for dense UACNs.

show abstract